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Subcellular Remodeling and Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

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Cardiac Remodeling

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 5))

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Abstract

Ischemic heart disease as a consequence of the blockade of coronary flow is associated with dramatic changes in cardiac function, metabolism, and ultrastructure. A wide variety of subcellular defects have been observed in ischemic and ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) hearts. There is evidence that various subcellular organelles become remodeled during the development of I/R injury and oxidative stress may be intimately involved in producing these abnormalities. In view of the direct participation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and myofibrils in heart function, it appears that cardiac contraction and relaxation abnormalities in ischemic heart disease are due to remodeling of the SR and myofibrils, whereas remodeling of the sarcolemma membrane may determine the extent of intracellular Ca2+ overload, subsequent proteolysis, and irreversible injury to the heart. Furthermore, the acute effects of I/R injury on cardiac function are thought to be due to changes in the activities of subcellular organelles as a consequence of functional group modification, whereas the chronic effects of I/R yielding delayed recovery of cardiac function may be the consequence of changes in cardiac gene expression and subcellular remodeling. Although female hearts are less susceptible to I/R injury, in comparison to males, the basis for this gender difference in cardiac ischemic injury and protection needs to be defined. As females lose their resistance to different cardiovascular diseases after menopause, it appears that gender differences in cardiac susceptibility to I/R injury may be mediated through the participation of ovarian hormones. On the other hand, it is possible that the male sex hormone, testosterone, exacerbates I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction in adult males. Notably, in comparison to males, there is very little information in the literature on subcellular remodeling or on the mechanisms which regulate cardiac function during the development of I/R injury in female hearts.

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Acknowledgments

The research reported in this chapter was supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research. Infrastructural support for the project was provided by the St. Boniface Hospital Research Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2H 2A6

    Naranjan S. Dhalla, Vijayan Elimban & Larry Hryshko

  2. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2H 2A6

    Darren H. Freed

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  1. Naranjan S. Dhalla
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  2. Vijayan Elimban
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  4. Darren H. Freed
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Correspondence to Vijayan Elimban .

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  1. Walter MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada

    Bodh I. Jugdutt

  2. St. Boniface General Hospital Research C, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Tache Avenue 351, Winnipeg, R2H 2A6, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Dhalla, N.S., Elimban, V., Hryshko, L., Freed, D.H. (2013). Subcellular Remodeling and Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. In: Jugdutt, B., Dhalla, N. (eds) Cardiac Remodeling. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5930-9_16

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