Abstract
The main function of the pair of kidneys in the human body is to form urine out of blood plasma, a function that basically consists of two processes:
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Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA et al (2007) Prevalence of kidney disease in US. JAMA 298:2038–2097
Fissell WH, Humes HD, Fleischman AJ, Roy S (2007) Dialysis and nanotechnology: now, 10 years, or never? Blood Purif 25(25):12–17
Lindsay RM, Leitch R, Heidenham AP, Kortas C (2003) The London daily/nocturnal hemodialysis study: study design, morbidity, and mortality results. Am J Kidney Dis 42(Supp 1):S5–S12
Fissell W, Manley S, Westover A, Humes HD, Fleischman AJ, Roy S (2006) Differentiated growth of human renal tubule cells on thin-film and nanostructured materials. ASAIO J 52(52):221–227
Saito A, Aung T, Sekiguchi K, Sato Y, Vu D, Inagaki M, Kanai G, Tanaka R, Suzuki H, Kakuta T (2006) Present status and perspectives of bioartificial kidneys. J Artif Organs 9(3):130–135
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Exercises
Exercises
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1.
Explain with a neat sketch the basic structure and function of a human kidney. How does it separate waste product from blood plasma? Estimate how much fluid the pair of kidneys handles. Give an idea about the composition of plasma and urine.
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2.
What are the common modes of kidney failure? How can hemodialysis improve the situation? Describe the two types of dialysis procedures being used. Is there any need for dialysis patients to modify their lifestyle?
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3.
How can nanotechnology help in devising a compact dialyzer? Use some recent advances in the area to explain your answer.
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4.
What is an artificial kidney? Explain its construction and function. How has its function improved in recent years? What is a wearable kidney machine? Develop a mathematical model for a kidney machine.
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5.
What is the new MMD technology that will reduce the cost and size of the artificial kidney dialyzer?
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Pal, S. (2014). The Kidney and Its Artificial Replacement. In: Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_18
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Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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