Abstract
While August was waiting for the new institute to be built, work continued in his small laboratory. The capillary book resulting from his Silliman Lectures had become an instant success. At an Alfred Benzon Symposium in 1969, Eugene M. Landis said, “Very few books yielded as prompt and as widespread stimulation of research as this monograph did when it was read by histologists, physiologists, pathologists, and clinicians.”1 In the foreword to the 1959 edition of Krogh’s capillary book, Landis wrote:
“It was written in a style, much more freely, much more con amore than his other books. He seems to be an artist painting a canvas of ideas in minutest detail wherever possible, but still willing with large brushstrokes, or even with exploratory pencil sketches to let the picture evolve fully rather than omit any challenging theoretical or practical implication. This is the reason for its provocative eliciting, from others, researches designed to amplify, test, or modify specific propositions.”2
Rehberg has succeeded in my laboratory in demonstrating with absolute certainty the folding of the endothelium in strongly contracted capillaries.
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Notes and References
Eugene M. Landis: Professor August Krogh: An appreciation. In Capillary Permeability, the transfer of molecules and ions between capillary blood and tissue. Alfred Benzon Symposium II, 1969. Munksgard, Copenhagen, 1970.
C. Barker Jorgensen: Dyrefysiologi og Gymnastikteori. In Kobenhavns Universitet 1479–1979. Copenhagen, 1979. Pages 447–488.
AK Publ. #258.
AK Publ. #200.
AK Publ. #31, 32, 33.
AK Publ. #191. The English edition was translated by Kathrine Drinker, wife of Cecil Drinker.
P. Brandt Rehberg: August Krogh, November 15, 1874-September 13, 1949. (Yale J. Biol. Med., 24, 1951 ).
AK Publ. #259.
AK Publ. #166.
Rosenow to AK, Oct. 15, 1929.
R. Spärck: Studies on the Biology of Oysters (Ostrea edulis) II-III. (Report of the Danish Biological Station, 33, 1927 ).
AK Publ. #173.
AK Publ. #167.
AK Publ. #172, 173, 175, 180, 183, 184.
AK Publ. #181.
AK Publ. #194, 198.
AK letter to Braving, Dec. 7, 1932.
AK Publ. #199.
AK Publ. #255.
A. B. Keys to AK. March 3, 1930.
AK Publ. #185
AK Publ. #208.
Ancel B. Keys: The determination of chlorides with the highest accuracy. (J. Chem. Soc., Sept. 1931); The heart gill preparation of the eel and its perfusion for the study of a natural membrane in situ. (Z. verg. Physiol., 15, 1931); Chloride and water secretion and absorption by the gills of the eel. (Z. verg. Physiol., 15, 1931); A. B. Keys & E. N. Willmer: Chloride secreting cells in the gills of fishes with special reference to the common eel. (J. Physiol., 76, 1932 ).
Carl Schlieper: Ueber die osmoregulatorische Function der Aalkiemen. (Z. verg. Physiol., 18, 1933); Die Brackishwassertiere and ihre lebens bedingungen vom physiologischen Standpunkt ausbetrachtet. (Verh. Int. Ver. theor. angew. Liminologie, 6, 1933); Ueber die Permeabilität der Aalkiemen. I. Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit and der angeblische Wassertransport der Aalkiemen in hypertonischem Aussenmedium (Z. verg. Physiol., 19, 1933 ).
The term active ion transport is a more rigorous term now than in Krogh’s time, when it only meant that the ion was transported uphill. At that time it was not yet possible to distinguish between primary and secondary active chloride transport. It has since been shown that Cl-ions are most often transported by either passively following the Na+ ion or coupled to Na+ transport through an electrically neutral Na+ carrier. However, the argument used by Lundegdrd does indicate that Cl-transport may be independent of Na+ movements. In recent years, evidence-from plants, insects, and other invertebrates-is mounting for the existence of a primary active Cl-pump. George A. Gerenzer et al. Is there a chloride pump? (Am. J. Physiol.,254, 1988).
AK Publ. #237.
AK Publ. #240, 241, 244, 251, 253, 254, 257.
Henri Koch: Essai d’interpretation de la soi-disant “reduction vitale” de sels d’argent par certain organes d’Artopodes. (Ann. Soc. Sci. Méd. Nat. Brux. Sér. B.,54, 1934). In this paper Koch showed the curious affinity for salts exhibited by special cells in a number of arthropods. The cells will absorb silver from very dilute solutions of silver nitrate. The metal becomes precipitated as an insoluble silver salt. Koch suggested that they absorb salt, while Wigglesworth believed the anal papillae absorbed water.
AK Publ. #221; H. Koch: The absorption of chloride ions by the anal papillae of diptera larvae. (J. exp. Biol., 15, 1938 ).
Torkel Weis-Fogh, Symposium in honor of August Krogh’s one-hundredth birthday, 1974. Not published.
V. B. Wigglesworth: A simple method of volumetric analysis for small quantities of fluid: estimation of chloride in 0.3 µl of tissue fluid. (Biochem. J., 31, 1719–1722, 1938). The regulation of osmotic pressure and chloride concentration in the hemolymph of mosquito larva. (J. exp. Biol., 15, 235–247, 1938 ).
AK Publ. #240. “Frog which have been deprived of a certain amount of salt will take up C1- ions from solutions down to 105 molar or less, either with Na+, (K+) or in exchange against HCO3-. While in plant roots the process is apparently going on indiscriminately all the time, in the frog’s skin it is definitely regulated. It take place only when the salt content of the body has been depleted. When potassium chloride only is available it soon stops.”
AK Publ. #265.
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© 1995 American Physiological Society
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Schmidt-Nielsen, B. (1995). Capillary Function and the Contractility Controversy (1923–1936). In: August and Marie Krogh. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9_15
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