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CNS Barriers in Neurotrauma

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Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR,volume 5))

Abstract

Despite significant advances in designing neuroprotective therapies, multiple clinical trials in head trauma and spinal cord injury have produced mixed results. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) barriers may improve clinical translation of therapies for injury of the CNS. The blood–brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier are formed by specialized CNS endothelial cells. These barriers play a fundamental role in restricting the entry of blood-borne factors into the CNS. However, they also function as the gateway for the delivery of neuroprotective drugs. Neurotrauma changes the properties of CNS barriers, which may significantly affect the efficacy of neuroprotective therapies. The endothelial barriers of the CNS together with the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which is predominantly formed by the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, also restrict the influx of circulating leukocytes into the CNS. Dysfunction of these barriers resulting from injury plays a key role in the initiation and progression of inflammation that accompanies neurotrauma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Coro Center West, Room 112, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA

    Adam Chodobski

  2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Brian J. Zink & Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska

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  1. Adam Chodobski
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  2. Brian J. Zink
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  3. Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska
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Correspondence to Adam Chodobski .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Eng H. Lo

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Josephine Lok

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    MingMing Ning

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital Harbard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Michael J. Whalen

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Chodobski, A., Zink, B.J., Szmydynger-Chodobska, J. (2014). CNS Barriers in Neurotrauma. In: Lo, E., Lok, J., Ning, M., Whalen, M. (eds) Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8690-9_1

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