High-Frequency Impedance Measurement of Electronic Devices Using a De-embedding Technique

Abstract

Many studies have shown the sensitivity of systems to conducted Intentional Electromagnetic Interferences (IEMI) (Giri and Tesche, IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 46:322–328, 2004; Sabath, Threat of electromagnetic terrorism: lessons learned from documented IEMI attacks. Proceedings of EUROEM 2012, Toulouse, France, 2012) on power grids. In another context, the propagation of spurious compromising emanations in a power grid (Vuagnoux, An improved technique to discover compromising electromagnetic emanations. EMC symposium, Fort Lauderdale, USA, 2010) may result in the leakage of sensitive information. The modelling of the low-voltage network is therefore of fundamental interest since the propagation of electromagnetic waves is highly influenced by the channel behaviour which is related to the cable parameters, connected appliances, etc. First, in this chapter, a de-embedding method is proposed for characterising appliances connected to the power grid by measuring their input impedance from 1 to 100 MHz. Next, a Monte-Carlo simulation is used for analysing the sensitivity of this method to measurement errors. A statistical approach is then proposed for deriving simulated loads from measured ones. Finally, loads are integrated into the CRIPTE Code (Parmantier, Degauque, Topology based modeling of very large systems, Oxford University Press, 1996) developed by the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA) in order to estimate the effect induced by loads on the conducted propagation of a spurious compromising signal that emanates from a computer.