Abstract
It has been well documented that increases in breathing in response to a variety of stimuli may often outlast the actual period of stimulation in various species (see references1, 2). For instance, after a brief hypoxic challenge, ventilation slowly returns to baseline values over a period of minutes, a phenomenon often termed as “short-term potentiation (STP).” On the other hand, after episodes of recurrent hypoxic challenges, depending on species, breathing may remain elevated as long as an hotir. This long lasting enhancement of respiration that follows recurrent episodes of hypoxia is referred to as “long-term facilitation (LTF).” It has been proposed that STP and LTF are critical for maintaining stability of breathing, especially in situations involving acute changes in arterial blood gases2, and may involve brainstem neurons1,2. Recent studies on hippocampal neurons suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is critical for the development of long term potentiation (LTP) associated with learning and memory3,4. Given that NOS-1, the enzyme that generates NO, is co-localized with 5-HT in raphe neurons5, 6, which has been shown to be important for the generation of LTF2, as well as our recent observation that NOS-1 mutant mice exhibit breathing instability during hypoxia7, prompted us to examine whether NO generated by NOS-1 plays a role in the development STP and/or LTF.
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Kline, D.D., Prabhakar, N.R. (2001). Role of Nitric Oxide in Short-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Facilitation. In: Poon, CS., Kazemi, H. (eds) Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 499. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_33
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_33
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