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Production of Cytokines by Vascular Wall Cells: An Update and Implications for Atherogenesis

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Atherosclerosis

Part of the book series: Altschul Symposia Series ((ALSS,volume 1))

Abstract

The cytokines are protein mediators of inflammation and immunity. Within the last decade, numerous cytokine activities originally defined by a variety of biological assays have become increasingly well defined; thanks to laborious protein purification and ultimately the application of recombinant DNA technology. The availability of well defined proteins expressed using molecular biologic techniques has provided material for precise definition of the activities and targets for these various mediators. Several general findings have emerged from this effort. One principle is that a single molecule or family of related molecules may exhibit multiple activities previously considered unrelated. A corollary is that cytokines tend to occur in families of closely related isoforms or structurally or functionally related proteins. Despite these simplifying generalizations, the list of recognized cytokines continues to expand. There are now some nine different interleukins (IL), many different colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and several distinct interferon classes. There is also an intriguing degree of overlap between the structure and function of molecules generally considered cytokines and certain peptide growth factors. For example IL1-ß has regions of amino acid sequence similarity with members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamilyl.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Laboratory Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New England Medical Center and USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Peter Libby, Harald Loppnow, James C. Fleet, Helen Palmer, Hong Mei Li, Stephen J. C. Warner, Robert N. Salomon & Steven K. Clinton

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  1. Peter Libby
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  2. Harald Loppnow
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  4. Helen Palmer
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  6. Stephen J. C. Warner
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Avrum I. Gotlieb  & B. Lowell Langille  & 

  2. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Sergey Fedoroff

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Libby, P. et al. (1991). Production of Cytokines by Vascular Wall Cells: An Update and Implications for Atherogenesis. In: Gotlieb, A.I., Langille, B.L., Fedoroff, S. (eds) Atherosclerosis. Altschul Symposia Series, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3754-0_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3754-0_13

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