Abstract
In mammals, there are two pairs of inner ear vestibular maculas, saccular and utricular, that detect and then process linear acceleratory information for transmission to the central nervous system. These bioaccelerometers are organized similarly to man-made accelerometers. They utilize a test mass, crystallite particles called otoconia, that lies over sensing units, type I and type II hair cells, to detect the direction and magnitude of gravity and of translational linear accelerations. The hair cells are directionally tuned by a tuft of 40–80 specialized microvilli, called stereocilia, and a single kinocilium. Stimulation in the direction of the kinocilium maximally depolarizes the cell while force from other directions has lesser or no effect1. Information concerning the direction and magnitude of linear acceleratory force is processed by means of a neural network and is transmitted to the central nervous system for integration into circuits that control posture and balance.
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Ross, M., Cutler, L., Cheng, R., Doshay, D., Naddaf, A., Chimento, T.C. (1992). The Role of 3-D Reconstruction in the Analysis and Modeling of Neural Systems. In: Eeckman, F.H. (eds) Analysis and Modeling of Neural Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4010-6_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4010-6_9
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