Abstract
Several reports have suggested the involvement of different growth factors in the cascade of events that underlies epileptogenesis. Among these, nerve-growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the neurotrophin family appear to play a critical role [16]. These neurotrophins are involved in the development of the central nervous system as well as in adult brain plasticity [38, 24]. Neurotrophins bind to receptors of the tyrosine kinase family, and the high affinity receptors for NGF and BDNF are TrkA and TrkB respectively [17]. Expression of both NGF and BDNF and their high affinity receptor messenger RNAs increases in the hippocampus, amygdala and cortex after different forms of convulsive seizures in the rat [4, 3, 14, 19, 18, 28, 34, 12]. In the kindling model of epilepsy, the first electrical stimulation of the hippocampus induces a rapid increase of BDNF mRNA expression in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, in both the stimulated and the non-stimulated sides [14] (see Lindvall et al., chapter 22 in this volume). After several stage 5 seizures, BDNF mRNA expression is also increased throughout CA l -CA3 pyramidal layer, the hilar region of the dentate gyrus, the amygdala, parietal and piriform cortex [14, 3]. During kindling, a parallel increase of BDNF and trkB mRNAs occurs in the dentate granule cells and suggests an autocrine or paracrine action of BDNF in the hippocampus [3]. However, the physiological significance of the increased expression of neurotrophins remains to be determined and BDNF and NGF could be involved in the neuroplastic processes that either facilitate or inhibit the development of seizures. Recent studies (see Racine et al., chapter 15 in this volume) suggest that over-expression of NGF could promote the occurrence of seizures. In our laboratory, we have investigated the effects of BDNF on epileptogenesis by examining the effects of chronic intracerebral perfusions of recombinant human BDNF on the development of seizures in the kindling model in the rat [23].
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Reibel, S., Larmet, Y., Carnahan, J., Lê, BT., Marescaux, C., Depaulis, A. (1998). Protective Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Hippocampal Kindling. In: Corcoran, M.E., Moshé, S.L. (eds) Kindling 5. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 48. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5375-5_29
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