Skip to main content

Abstract

Endurance performance is dependent on the coordinated responses of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, muscle metabolism, mechanical efficiency, and thermoregulation. A number of reviews have focused on one, or several, aspects of these responses (1,7,18). Yet, one central tenet of optimizing endurance performance revolves around the efficient aerobic transformation of metabolic substrate into mechanical power output, with delayed depletion of the glycogen reserves (1,10). Thus, it is important to have an efficient oxygen transport system and a metabolic system that supplies appropriate substrates to the mitochondria for oxidative metabolism with minimal concurrent glycolysis, a concept called “tight coupling” of oxidative metabolism (14).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Astrand, P. and K. Rodahl. Textbook of Work Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barstow, T. J., S. Buchthal, S. Zanconato, and D. M. Cooper. Muscle energetics and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics during moderate exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 1742–1749, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cadefau, J., H. J. Green, R. Cussó, M. Ball-Burnett, and G. Jamieson. Coupling of muscle phosphorylation potential to glycolysis during work after short-term training. J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 2586–2593, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Casaburi, R., T. W. Storer, I. Ben-Dov, and K. Wasserman. Effect of endurance training on possible determinants of VO2 during heavy exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 199–207, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Connett, R. J. Analysis of metabolic control: new insights using scaled creatine kinase model. Am. J. Physiol. 254: R949–R959, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Corcondilas, A., G. T. Koroxenidis, and J. T. Shepherd. Effect of a brief contraction of forearm muscles on forearm blood flow. J. Appl. Physiol. 19: 142–146, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Coyle, E. F. Integration of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability. In: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, edited by J. O. Holloszy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1995, p. 25–63.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dempsey, J. A., P. E. Hanson, and K. S. Henderson. Exercise induced arterial hypoxemia in healthy persons at sea level. J. Physiol. (Lond) 355: 161–175, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. di Prampero, P. E. and R. Margaria. Relationship between O2 consumption, high energy phosphates and the kinetics of the O2 debt in exercise. Pflugers Arch. 304: 11–19, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Green, H. J. How important is endogenous muscle glycogen to fatigue in prolonged exercise. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 69: 2971991.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Green, H. J., J. Cadefau, R. Cussö, M. Ball-Burnett, and G. Jamieson. Metabolic adaptations to short term training are expressed early in submaximal exercise. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 73: 474–482, 1995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Green, H. J., S. Jones, M. E. Ball-Burnett, D. Smith, J. Livesey, and B. W. Farrance. Early muscular and metabolic adaptations to prolonged exercise training in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 2032–2038, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hickson, R. C., H. A. Bomze, and J. O. Holloszy. Faster adjustment of O2 uptake to the energy requirement of exercise in the trained state. J. Appl. Physiol. 44: 877–881, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hochachka, P. W. and G. O. Matheson. Regulating ATP turnover rates over broad dynamic work ranges in skeletal muscles.J. Appl. Physiol. 73: 1697–1703, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hughson, R. L. Alterations in the oxygen deficit-oxygen debt relationships with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in man. J. Physiol. (London) 349: 375–387, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hughson, R. L. and M. A. Morrissey. Delayed kinetics of VO2 in the transition from prior exercise. Evidence for O2 transport limitation of VO2 kinetics. A review. Int. J. Sports Med. 11: 94–105, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hughson, R. L., H. C. Xing, J. E. Cochrane, and G. C. Butler. Faster increase in oxygen uptake during supine exercise with lower body negative pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1962–1967, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Joyner, M. J. Physiological limiting factors and distance running: Influence of gender and age on record performances. In: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, edited by J. O. Holloszy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993, p. 103–133.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Leyk, D., D. Eβfeld, K. Baum, and J. Stegemann. Early leg blood flow adjustment during dynamic foot plantarflexions in upright and supine body position. Int. J. Sports Med. 15: 447–452, 1994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Linnarsson, D. Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate changes at start and end of exercise. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 415: 1–68, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Linnarsson, D., J. Karlsson, L. Fagraeus, and B. Saltin. Muscle metabolites and oxygen deficit with exercise in hypoxia and hyperoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 36: 399–402, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Murphy, P. C., L. A. Cuervo, and R. L. Hughson. Comparison of ramp and step exercise protocols during hypoxic exercise in man. Cardiovasc. Res. 23: 825–832, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Oldenburg, F. A., D. W. McCormack, J. L. C. Morse, and N. L. Jones. A comparison of exercise responses in stairclimbing and cycling. J. Appl. Physiol. 46: 510–516, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Phillips, S. M., H. J. Green, M. J. MacDonald, and R. L. Hughson. Progressive effect of endurance training on VO2 kinetics at the onset of submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 1914–1920, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sheriff, D. D., L. B. Rowell, and A. M. Scher. Is rapid rise in vascular conductance at onset of dynamic exercise due to muscle pump. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 265: H1227–H1234, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shoemaker, J. K., S. M. Phillips, H. J. Green, and R. L. Hughson. Faster femoral artery blood velocity kinetics at the onset of exercise following training. Cardiovasc. Res. in press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sun, D., A. Huang, A. Koller, and G. Kaley. Short-term daily exercise activity enhances endothelial NO synthesis in skeletal muscle arterioles of rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 2241–2247, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Toska, K. and M. Eriksen. Peripheral vasoconstriction shortly after onset of moderate exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 1519–1525, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Whipp, B. J. and M. Mahler. Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange during exercise. In: Pulmonary Gas Exchange, edited by J. B. West. New York: Academic, 1980, p. 33–96.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yoshida, T. and H. Watari. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the time course of energy metabolism during exercise and recovery. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 494–499, 1993.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hughson, R.L., Green, H.J., Phillips, S.M., Shoemaker, J.K. (1996). Physiological Limitations to Endurance Exercise. In: Steinacker, J.M., Ward, S.A. (eds) The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7700-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5887-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics