Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neoplastic Cells Modulation of the Differentiated State

  • Chapter
Genomic Adaptability in Somatic Cell Specialization

Part of the book series: Developmental Biology ((DEBO,volume 6))

Abstract

For at least a century and a half, biologists have been aware that, relative to normal cells, many cancer cells appear morphologically undifferentiated. While some have concluded that cancer cells must arise by the dedifferentiation of normal cells, others consider it more likely that many cancer cells develop from normal cells that never fully differentiated. Since these undifferentiated cancer cells can be shown to share many fundamental characteristics with normal cells, it is not altogether surprising that some neoplasms can be induced to differentiate and become postmitotic benign cells. If only one or a few malignant tumors had the potentiality for differentiation, the phenomenon would be of interest primarily because of its rarity. However, many types of malignant neoplasms, such as plant teratomas, fish tumors, amphibian cancers, and malignant neoplasms of all three embryonic germ layers of mammals, can be induced to differentiate. This indicates that the phenomenon is not rare, and it suggests the possibility that the control of differentiation could be exploited in the treatment of cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aaronson, S. A., Bishop, J. M., Sugimura, T., Terada, M., Toyoshima, K., and Vogt, P. K. (eds.), 1986, Oncogenes and Cancer, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akiyama, T., Matsumoto, J., Ishikawa, T., and Eguchi, G., 1986, Production of crystallins and lenslike structures in differentiation-induced neoplastic pigment cells (goldfish erythrophoroma cells) in vitro, Differentiation 33:34–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P. W., Gonczol, E., Plotkin, S. A., Dignazio, M., and Oosterhuis, J. M, 1986, Differentiation of TERA-2 human embryonal carcinoma cells into neurons and HCMV permissive cells. Induction by agents other than retinoic acid, Differentiation 31:119–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asashima, M., Oinuma, T., and Meyer-Rochow, V. B., 1987, Tumors in amphibia, Zool. Sci. 4:411–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askanazy, M., 1907, Teratome nach ihrem Bau, ihrem Verlauf, ihrer Genese und im Vergleich zum experimentellen Teratoid, Verhandl. Dtsch. Pathol. Ges. 11:39–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awrorow, P., and Timofejewsky, A. D., 1914, Kultivierungsversuche von leukamischen Blute, Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. 216:184–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azumi, J-I, and Sachs, L., 1977, Chromosome mapping of the genes that control differentiation and malignancy in myeloid leukemic cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:253–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baluda, M. A., and Jamieson, P. P., 1961, In vivo infectivity studies with avian myeloblastosis, virus, Virology 14:33–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbacid, M., 1986, Oncogenes and human cancer: Cause or consequence?, Carcinogenesis 7:1037–1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, J. C., 1987, Cellular and molecular mechanisms for suppression and version of tu-morigenicity—A chemical pathology study section workshop, Cancer Res. 47:2514–2520.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, L. G., 1939, The chemical nature of the amphibian organizer. III. Stimulation of the presumptive epidermis of Ambystoma by means of cell extracts and chemical substances, Physiol. Zool. 12:22–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, L. G., 1941, Neural differentiation without organizer, J. Exp. Zool. 87:371–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bautzmann, H., Holtfreter, J., Spemann, H., and Mangold, O., 1932, Versuche zur Analyse der Induktionsmittel in der Embryonalentwicklung, Naturwissenschaften 20:971–974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beard, J., 1902, Embryological aspects and etiology of carcinoma, Lancet 1:1758–1761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, R. A., de Jong, S., and Zielinski, M. A., 1939, Experiments on the effect of dyes on induction and respiration in the amphibian gastrula, J. Exp. Biol. 16:150–154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, M., Moczar, E., Korach, S., Lascaux, V., and Poupon, M. F., 1985, Relationship between in vitro effects and in vivo control of metastasis induced by hydrocortisone in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma, in: Treatment of Metastasis: Problems and Prospects (K. Hellmann and S. A. Eccles, eds.), pp. 183–186, Taylor and Francis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard, W., 1969, Ultrastructure of the cancer cell, in: Handbook of Molecular Cytology (A. Lima-de-Faria, ed.), pp. 687–715, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrill, N. J., 1943, Malignancy in relation to organization and differentiation, Physiol. Rev. 23: 101–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessis, M., 1954, La différenciation et la maturation des cellules leucémiques. Considérations cytologiques et cliniques, Rev. Hematol. 9:745–758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binns, A. N., Wood, H. N., and Braun, A. C., 1981, Suppression of the tumorous state in crown gall teratomas of tobacco: A clonal analysis, Differentiation 19:97–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J. M., 1983, Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 52:301–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J. M., 1987, The molecular genetics of cancer, Science 235:305–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodner, A. J., Ting, R. C., and Gallo, R. C., 1981, Induction of differentiation of human prom-yelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) by nucleosides and methotrexate, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 67: 1025–1030.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brachet, J., and Rapkine, L., 1939, Oxydation et réduction d’explantats dorsaux et ventraux de gastrulas (Amphibiens), C. R. Soc. Biol. 131:789–791.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, A., 1987, Production and analysis of chimaeric mice, in: Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach (E. J. Robertson, ed.), pp. 113–151, IRL Press Ltd., Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1947, Thermal studies on the factors responsible for tumor initiation in crown-gall, Am. J. Bot. 34:234–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1951, Recovery of crown-gall tumor cells, Cancer Res. 11:839–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1953, Bacterial and host factors concerned in determining tumor morphology in crown gall, Bot. Gaz. 114:363–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1959, A demonstration of the recovery of the crown-gall tumor cell with the use of complex tumors of single-cell origin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 45:932–938.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1968, The multipotential cell and the tumor problem, in: The Stability of the Differentiated State (H. Ursprung, ed.), pp. 128–135, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1972, The usefulness of plant tumor systems for studying the basic cellular mechanisms that underlie neoplastic growth generally, in: Cell Differentiation (R. Harris, P. Allin, and D. Viza, eds.), pp. 115–118, Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., 1981, An epigenetic model for the origin of cancer, Q. Rev. Biol. 56:33–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C., and Wood, H. N., 1976, Suppression of the neoplastic state with the acquisition of specialized functions in cells, tissues, and organs of crown gall teratomas of tobacco, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:496–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breitman, T. R., and Sherman, M. I., 1988, In vivo systems for differentiation therapy of leukemia and solid tumors, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 263–275, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, R., and King, T. J., 1952, Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs’ eggs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 38:455–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinster, R. L., 1974, The effect of cells transferred into the mouse blastocyst on subsequent development, J. Exp. Med. 140:1049–1056.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, A., 1987, Growth factors and oncogenes, in: Oncogenes and Growth Factors (R. A. Bradshaw and S. Prentis, eds.), pp. 123–134, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Can, B. I., Gilchrist, K. W., and Carbone, P. P., 1981, The variable transformation in metastases from testicular germ cell tumors: The need for selective biopsy, J. Urol. 126:52–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, E. H., Ridge, J., Yu, Z., Richtsmeier, W. J., Hartford, J. B., and Black, R., 1988, Induction of altered oncogene expression and differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma in vitro, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 63–77, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colberg-Poley, A. M., Voss, S. D., Chowdhury, K., and Gruss, P., 1985, Structural analysis of murine genes containing homeobox sequences and their expression in embryonal carcinoma cells, Nature (Lond.) 314:713–718.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohnheim, J., 1875, Congenitales, querqestreiftes Muskelsarkom der Nieren, Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. Klin. Med. 65:64–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohnheim, J., 1889, Lectures on General Pathology (A. B. McKee, transi.), The New Sydenham Society, London [in English].

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, D., Schermer, A., and Sun, T-T, 1985, Classification of human epithelia and their neoplasms using monoclonal antibodies to keratins: Strategies, applications, and limitations, Lab. Invest. 52:243–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corbeil, L. B., 1967, Differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma and neonatal muscle cells in vitro, Cancer 20:572–578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crocker, J. F. S., and Vernier, R. L., 1972, Congenital nephroma of infancy: Induction of renal structures by organ culture, J. Pediatr. 80:69–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daenen, S., Vellenga, E., van Dobbenburgh, O. A., and Halie, M. R., 1986, Retinoic acid as antileukemic therapy in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and Aspergillus pneumonia, Blood 67:559–561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damjanov, I., Damjanov, A., and Solter, D., 1987, Production of teratocarcinomas from embryos transplanted to extra uterine sites, in: Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach (E. J. Robertson, ed.), pp. 1–18, IRL Press Ltd., Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawe, C. J., and Law, L. W., 1959, Morphologic changes in salivary-gland tissue of the newborn mouse exposed to parotid-tumor agent in vitro, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 23:1157–1177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deschamps, J., DeLaaf, R., Joosen, L., Meijlink, F., and Destree, O., 1987, Abundant expression of homeobox genes in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells correlates with chemically induced differentiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:1304–1308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, M. J., Martin, D. W., Martin, G. R., and Mintz, B., 1977, Mosaic mice with teratocarcinoma-derived mutant cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5564–5568.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dexter, D. L., 1977, N,N-Dimethylformamide-induced morphological differentiation and reduction in tumorigenicity in cultured mouse rhabdomyosarcoma cells, Cancer Res. 37:3136–3140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dexter, D. L., Hager, J. C., Gold, D., Miller, F., Fligiel, Z., and Calabresi, P., 1978, Induction of maturation and loss of tumorigenicity in human colon carcinoma cells by polar solvents, Clin. Res. 26:434A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dexter, D. L., Barbosa, J. A., and Calabresi, P., 1979, N,N-dimethylformamide-induced alteration of cell culture characteristics and loss of tumorigenicity in cultured human colon carcinoma cells, Cancer Res. 39:1020–1025.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dexter, D. L., Konieczny, S. F., Lawrence, J. B., Shaffer, M., Mitchell, P., and Coleman, J. R., 1981, Induction by butyrate of differentiated properties in cloned murine rhabdomyosarcoma cells, Differentiation 18:115–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dexter, D. L., Spremulli, E. N., Matook, G. M., Diamond, I., and Calabresi, P., 1982, Inhibition of the growth of human colon cancer xenografts by polar solvents, Cancer Res. 42:5018–5022.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., 1980, Genetic stability and modulation of metazoan nuclei transplanted into eggs and oocytes, Differentiation 17:17–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., 1987, Genomic potential of differentiated cells analyzed by nuclear transplantation, Am. Zool. 27:623–644.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., and Hoffner, N.J., 1980, The current status of cloning and nuclear reprogram-ming in amphibian eggs, in: Differentiation and Neoplasia (R. G. McKinnell, M. A. DiBerardino, M. Blumenfeld, and R. D. Bergad, eds.), pp. 53–64, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., and Hoffner, N. J., 1983, Gene reactivation in erythrocytes: Nuclear transplantation in oocytes and eggs of Rana, Science 219:862–864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., King, T. J., and McKinnell, R. G., 1961, Embryonic development and the frog renal adenocarcinoma, in: Frog, Kidney Adenocarcinoma Conference (W. R. Duryee and L. Warner, eds.), pp. 81–90, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., King, T. J., and McKinnell, R. G., 1963, Chromosome studies of a frog renal adenocarcinoma line carried by serial intraocular transplantation, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 31:769–789.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., Mizell, M., Hoffner, N. J., and Friesendorf, D. G., 1983, Frog larvae cloned from nuclei of pronephric adenocarcinoma, Differentiation 23:213–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBerardino, M. A., Orr, N. H., and McKinnell, R. G., 1986, Feeding tadpoles cloned from Rana erythrocyte nuclei, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8231–8234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, F. J., and Moore, R. A., 1953, Testicular tumors, Cancer 6:427–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doolittle, R. F., Hunkapiller, M. W., Hood, L. E., Devare, S. G., Robbins, K. C., Aaronson, S. A., and Antoniades, H. N., 1983, Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor, Science 221:275–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downward, J., Yarden, Y., Mayes, E., Scarce, G., Totty, N., Stockwell, P., Ullrich, A., Schlessinger, J., and Waterfield, M. D., 1984, Close similarity of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-erb-B oncogene protein sequences, Nature (Lond.) 307:521–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudouet, B., Robine, S., Huet, C., Sahuquillo-Merino, L., Blair, E., Coudrier, E., and Louvard, D., 1987, Changes in villin synthesis and subcellular distribution during intestinal differentiation of HT29-18 clones, J. Cell Biol. 105:359–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Earle, E. D., and Torrey, J. G., 1965, Morphogenesis in cell colonies grown from Convolvulus cell suspensions plated on synthetic media, Am. J. Bot. 52:891–899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, M. K., and McBurney, M. W., 1983, The concentration of retinoic acid determines the differentiated cell types formed by a teratocarcinoma cell line, Dev. Biol. 98:187–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Einat, M., Resnitzky, D., and Kimchi, A., 1985, Close link between reduction of c-myc expression by interferon and G0/G1 arrest, Nature (Lond.) 313:597–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, Z., Schaefer, A., and Koch, G., 1987, Changes in intracellular pH and cell volume during the early phase of DMSO-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. Experientia 43: 914–916.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eto, Y., Tsuji, T., Takezawa, M., Takano, S., Yokogawa, T., and Shibai, H., 1987, Purification and characterization of erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) isolated from human leukemia cell line THP-1, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142:1095–1103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fekete, E., and Ferrigno, M. A., 1952, Studies on a transplantable teratoma of the mouse, Cancer Res. 12:438–440.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenderson, B. A., Andrews, P. W., Nudelman, E., Clausen, H., and Hakomori, S-I, 1987, Gycolipid core structure switching from globo-to lacto-and ganglio-series during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of TERA-2-derived human embryonal carcinoma cells, Dev. Biol. 122:21–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filmus, J., and Buick, R. N., 1985, Relationship of c-myc expression to differentiation and proliferation of HL-60 cells, Cancer Res. 45:822–825.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francis, G. E., and Pinsky, C. M., 1988, Clinical trials of differentiation therapy: Current trials and future prospects, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 331–347, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freshney, R. I., 1985, Induction of differentiation in neoplastic cells, Anticancer Res. 5:111–130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C., 1978, The phenomenon of differentiation in murine erythroleukemic cells, Harvey Lect. 72:253–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C., 1980, The regulation of differentiation in murine virus-induced erythroleukemic cells, in: Differentiation and Neoplasia (R. G. McKinnell, M. DiBerardino, M. Blumenfeld, and R. D. Bergad, eds.), pp. 202–212, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C., Patuleia, M. C., and de Harven, E., 1966, Erythrocytic maturation in vitro of murine (Friend) virus-induced leukemia cells, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monog. 22:505–522.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C., Scher, W., Holland, J. G., and Sato, T., 1971, Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus induced leukemia cells in vitro stimulation of erythroid differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:378–382.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, R. J. M., 1985, Principles of cancer biology: Physical carcinogenesis, in: Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology, 2nd ed. (V. T. DeVita, Jr., S. Hellman, and S. A. Rosenberg, eds.), pp. 101–112, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, Y., Yuki, N., Takeichi, N., Kobayashi, H., and Miyazaki, T., 1987, Differentiation therapy of a myelomonocytic leukemia (c-WRT-7) in rats by injection of lipopolysaccharide and dauno-mycin, Cancer Res. 47:1668–1673.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrilove, J. L., 1986, Differentiation factors, Semin. Oncol 13:228–233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, R. E., Lurie, K. J., Leavitt, R. D., and Wiernik, P. H., 1987, Effects of interferon and retinoic acid on the growth and differentiation of clonogenic leukemic cells from acute myelogenous leukemia patients treated with recombinant leukocyte-αA interferon, Leuk. Res. 11: 609–619.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glazer, R. I., Cohen, M. B., Hartman, K. D., Knode, M. C., Lim, M. I., and Marquez, V. E., 1986, Induction of differentiation in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 by the cyclopentenyl analogue of cytidine, Biochem. Pharmacol. 35:1841–1848.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, M. N., and Plurad, S., 1980, Drug-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma: Transformation into ganglion cells with mitomycin-C, in: Differentiation and Neoplasia (R. G. McKinnell, M. A. DiBerardino, M. Blumenfeld, and R. D. Bergad, eds.), pp. 259–264, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, M. N., Burdman, J. A., and Journey, L. J., 1964, Long-term tissue culture of neuroblastomas. II. Morphologic evidence for differentiation and maturation, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 32:165–199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gotti, C., Sher, E., Corbrini, D., Bondiolotti, G., Wanke, E., Mancinelli, E., and Clementi, F., 1987, Cholinergic receptors, ion channels, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neurite outgrowth are independently regulated during the in vitro differentiation of a human neuroblastoma cell line, Differentiation 34:144–155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goustin, A. S., Leof, E. B., Shipley, G. D., and Moses, H. L., 1986, Growth factors and cancer, Cancer Res. 46:1015–1029.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S., Bhalla, K., Weinstein, B., Pestka, S., Mileno, M. D., and Fisher, P. B., 1985, Recombinant human interferon sensitizes resistant myeloid leukemic cells to induction of terminal differentiation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 130:379–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M. E., and Ziff, E. B., 1984, Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene, Nature (Lond.) 311:433–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grobstein, C., 1955, Inductive interaction in the development of the mouse metanephros, J. Exp. Zool. 130:319–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, L., 1951, “Spontaneous” leukemia developing C3H mice following inoculation, in infancy, with AK-leukemic extracts or AK-embryos, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 76:27–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, L., 1983, Oncogenic Viruses, 3rd ed., Pergamon, Elmsford, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosso, L. E., and Pitot, H. C., 1984, Modulation of c-myc expression in the HL-60 cell line, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119:473–480.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdon, J. B., 1987, Embryonic induction—Molecular prospects, Development 99:285–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, F. W., Zambernard, J., and Cowden, R. R., 1975, Fluorescent cytochemistry of calid and algid normal and Lucké tumor-bearing kidneys, Acta Histochem. (Jena) 54:295–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harshbarger, J. C., Charles, A. M., and Spero, P. M., 1981, Collection and analysis of neoplasms in sub-homeothermic animals from a phyletic point of view, in: Phyletic Approaches to Cancer (C. J. Dawe, J. C. Harshbarger, S. Kondo, T. Sugimura, and S. Takayama, eds.), pp. 357–384, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Häuser, C. A., Joyner, A. L., Klein, R. D., Learned, T. K., Martin, G. R., and Tjian, R., 1985, Expression of homologous homeo-box-containing genes in differentiated human teratocar-cinoma cells and mouse embryos, Cell 43:19–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E., 1974, Cellular basis of regeneration, in: Concepts of Development (J. Lash and J. R. Whittaker, eds.), pp. 404–428, Sinauer Associates, Stamford, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennen, S., 1970, Influence of spermine and reduced temperature on the ability of transplanted nuclei to promote normal development in eggs of Rana pipiens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66: 630–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, J. A., and Friedman, J. A., 1988, Pharmacology and mechanisms of action of differentiation agents, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 231–252, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtfreter, J., 1947, Neural induction in expiants which have passed through sublethal cytolysis, J. Exp. Zool. 106:197–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtfreter, J., 1948, Concepts on the mechanisms of embryonic induction and their relation to parthenogenesis and malignancy, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 2:17–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • How, S. W., and Snell, K. C., 1967, Skin tumors induced in rats by the dietary administration of N,N 1–2, 7-Fluroenylenebisacetamide, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38:407–434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huet, C., Sahuquillo-Merino, C., Coudrier, E., and Louvard, D., 1987, Adsorptive and mucus-secreting subclones isolated from a multipotent intestinal cell line (HT-29) provides new models for cell polarity and terminal differentiation, J. Cell Biol. 105:345–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa, Y., 1969, Differentiation of a cell line of myeloid leukemia, J. Cell Physiol. 74:223–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Illmensee, K., and Mintz, B., 1976, Totipotency and normal differentiation of single teratocar-cinoma cells cloned by injection into blastocysts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:549–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa, T., Prince Masahito, Matsumoto, J., and Takayama, S., 1978, Morphologic and biological characterization of erythrophoromas in goldfish (Carassius auratus), J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 61: 1461–1470.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, J. J., and Yunis, A. A., 1987, Tumor cell rejection through terminal cell differentiation, Science 238:1278–1280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalil, M., and Hildebrandt, A. C., 1981, Pathology and distribution of plant tumors, in: Neoplasms—Comparative Pathology of Growth in Animals, Plants, and Man (H. E. Kaiser, ed.), pp. 813–821, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplinsky, C., Estrov, Z., Freedman, M. H., and Cohen, A., 1986, Induction of differentiation in HL-60 promyelocytic cells: A comparative study of two sublines, Blood Cells 11:459–468.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasukabe, T., Honma, Y., Hozumi, M., Suda, T., and Nishii, Y., 1987, Control of Proliferating potential of myeloid leukemia cells during long-term treatment with vitamin D3 analogues and other differentiation inducers in combination with antileukemic drugs: In vitro and in vivo studies, Cancer Res. 47:567–572.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, K., Cochran, B. H., Stiles, C. D., and Leder, P., 1983, Cell-specific regulation of the c-myc gene by lymphocyte mitogens and platelet-derived growth factor, Cell 35:603–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. S., 1988, Differentiation of normal and cancerous colon cells, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 29–44, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, T. J., and DiBerardino, M. A., 1965, Transplantation of nuclei from the frog renal adenocarcinoma. I. Development of tumor nuclear-transplant embryos, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 126:115–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, T. J., and McKinnell, R. G., 1960, An attempt to determine the developmental potentialities of the cancer cell nucleus by means of transplantation, in: Cell PhysioJogy of Neoplasia, pp. 591–617, University of Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, G., and Kline, E., 1986, Conditioned tumorigenicity of activated oncogenes, Cancer Res. 46: 3211–3224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinsmith, L. J., and Pierce, G. B., 1964, Multipotentiality of single embryonal carcinoma cells, Cancer Res. 24:1544–1551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlhepp, E. A., Condon, M. E., and Hamburger, A. W., 1987, Recombinant human interferon α enhancement of retinoic-acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, Exp. Hematol. 15:414–418.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kordower, J. H., Nolter, M. F. D., Yeh, H. M., and Gash, D. M., 1987, An in vivo and in vitro assessment of differentiated neuroblastoma cells as a source of donor tissue for transplantation, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 495:606–622.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kos, Z., Pavelic, L., Pekic, B., and Pavelic, K., 1987, Reversal of human myeloid leukemia cells into normal granulocytes and macrophages: Activity and intracellular distribution of catalase, Oncology 44:245–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroll, A. J., Kuwabara, T., and Howard, G. M., 1963, Electron microscopy of rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit, Invest. Ophthalmol. 2:523–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruijer, W., Cooper, J. A., Hunter, T., and Verma, I. M., 1984, Platelet-derived growth factor induces rapid but transient expression of the c-fos gene and protein, Nature (Lond.) 312:711–716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lachman, H. M., and Skoultchi, A. I., 1984, Expression of c-myc changes during differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells, Nature (Lond.) 310:592–594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon, S. P., and Hickman, J. A., 1987a, Alkylformamides as inducers of tumour cell differentiation—A mini-review, Toxicology 43:239–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon, S. P., and Hickman, J. A., 1987b, Correlation between the molecular weight and potency of polar compounds which induce the differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytc leukemia cells, Cancer Res. 47:140–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, L-G., Gray, H. E., Tötterman, T., Pettersson, U., and Nilsson, K., 1987, Drastic increased expression of MYC and FOS protooncogenes during in vitro differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94:223–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, I., and Levine, M., 1920, Malignancy of the crown-gall and its analogy to animal cancer, J. Cancer Res. 5:243–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, J. M., and Flynn, P., 1986, Cell surface changes accompanying neural differentiation of an embryonal carcinoma cell line, J. Neurosci. 6:3374–3384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, R., Hicklin, D. J., Ryken, T. C., Han, X-M., Liu, K-N., Miller, J., and Baggenstoss, B. A., 1986, Suppression of glioma growth in vitro and in vivo by glia maturation factor, Cancer Res. 46: 5241–5247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lippincott, J. A., and Lippincott, B. B., 1981, Crown gall, and “malignant plant tumor,” in: Neoplasms—Comparative Pathology of Growth in Animals, Plants, and Man, (H. E. Kaiser, ed.), pp. 833–839, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotem, J., and Sachs, L., 1978, In vivo induction of normal differentiation in myeloid leukemia cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3781–3785.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotem, J., and Sachs, L., 1981, In vivo inhibition of the development of myeloid leukemia by injection of macrophage-and granulocyte-inducing protein, Int. J. Cancer 28:375–386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotem, J., and Sachs, L., 1984, Control of in vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. IV. Inhibition of leukemia development by myeloid differentiation-inducing protein, Int. J. Cancer 33:147–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucké, B., 1934, A neoplastic disease of the kidney of the frog, Rana pipiens, Am. J. Cancer 20:352–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucké B., and Schlumberger, H., 1949, Induction of metastasis of frog carcinoma by increase of environmental temperature, J. Exp. Med. 89:269–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddox, A-M., and Haddox, M. K., 1988, Characteristics of cyclic AMP enhancement of retinoic acid induction of increased transglutaminase activity in HL-60 cells, Exp. Cell Biol. 56:49–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mareel, M., Bruyneel, R., Tweedell, K., McKinnell, R., and Tarin, D., 1985, Temperature-dependence of PNKT-4B frog renal carcinoma cell invasion in vitro, in: Treatment of Metastasis: Problems and Prospects (K. Hellmann and S. A. Eccles, eds.), pp. 335–338, Taylor and Francis

    Google Scholar 

  • London. Markert, C. L., 1968, Neoplasia: A disease of ce1 differentiation, Cancer Res. 28:1908–1914.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, P. A., 1985, Introduction, in: Genetics, Cell Differentiation, and Cancer (P. A. Marks, ed.), pp. 1–11, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, P. A., and Rifkind, R. A., 1978, Erythroleukemic differentiation, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47: 419–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, P. A., Sheffery, M., and Rifkind, R. A., 1987, Induction of transformed cells to terminal differentiation and the modulation of gene expression, Cancer Res. 47:659–666.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marx, J. L., 1987, Human trials of new cancer therapy begin, Science 236:778–779.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, J., Ishikawa, T., Prince Masahito, Takayama, S., 1980, Permanent cell lines from erythrophoromas in goldfish (Carassius auratus), J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 64:879–890.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, J., Ishikawa, T., Prince Masahito Oikawa, A., and Takayama, S., 1981, Multiplicity in phenotypic expression of fish erythrophoroma and irido-melanophoroma cells in vitro, in: Phyletic Approaches to Cancer (C. J. Dawe, J. C. Harshbarger, S. Kondo, T. Sugimura, and S. Takayama, eds.), pp. 253–266, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, J., Lynch, T. J., Grabowski, S., Richards, C. M., Lo, S. L., Clarke, C., Kern, D., Taylor, J. D., Tchen, T. T., Ishikawa, T., Prince Masahito and Takayama, S., 1983, Fish tumor pigment cells: Differentiation and comparison to their normal counterparts, Am. Zool. 23:569–580.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, J., Akiyama, T., Taylor, J. D., and Tchen, T. T., 1985, Modification of differentiation programs of goldfish erythrophoroma cells by dual application of different inducing agents: A problem of blast (stem) cells, in: Pigment Cell 1985: Biological, Molecular, and Ciinical Aspects of Pigmentation (J. T. Bagnara, S. N. Klaus, E. Paul, and M. Schartl, eds.), pp. 333–340, Tokyo University Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattsson, M. E. K., Ruusala, A. I., and Pahlman, S., 1984, Changes in inducibility of ornithine decarboxylase activity in differentiating human neuroblastoma cells, Exp. Cell Res. 155:105–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzner, Y., Gavison, R., Rachmilewitz, E. A., and Fibach, E., 1987, Expression of granulocytic functions by leukemic promyelocytic HL-60 cells: Differential induction by dimethylsulfox-ide and retinoic acid, Cell Diff. 21:261–269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1972, Nuclear transfer in Xenopus and Rana compared,in: Cell Differentiation (R. Harris, P. Allin, and D. Viza, eds.), pp. 61–64, Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1973a, The Lucké frog kidney tumor and its herpesvirus, Am. Zool. 13:97–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1973b, Nuclear transplantation, in: Seventh National Cancer Conference Proceedings, pp. 65–72, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1978, Cloning, Nuclear Transplantation in Amphibia, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1979, The pluripotential genome of the frog renal tumor cell as revealed by nuclear transplantation, Int. Rev. Cytol. 9(Suppl.):l79–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1984, Lucké tumor of frogs, in: Diseases of Amphibians and Reptiles (G. L. Hoff, F. L. Frye, and E. R. Jacobson, eds.), pp. 581–605, Plenum, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1985, Cloning of Frogs, Mice and Other Animals, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., 1989, Expression of differentiated function in neoplasms, in: The Pathobioiogy of Neoplasia (A. E. Sirica, ed.), pp. 435–460, Plenum, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., and Cunningham, W. P., 1982, Herpesviruses in metastatic Lucké renal adenocarcinoma, Differentiation 22:41–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., and Duplantier, D. P., 1970, Are there renal adenocarcinoma-free populations of leopard frogs?, Cancer Res. 30:2730–2735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., and Tarin, D., 1984, Temperature-dependent metastasis of the Lucké renal carcinoma and its significance for studies on mechanisms of metastasis, Cancer Metast. Rev. 3: 373–386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., and Tweedell, K. S., 1970, Induction of renal tumors in triploid leopard frogs, J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 44:1161–1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., Deggins, B. A., and Labat, D. D., 1969, Transplantation of pluripotential nuclei from triploid frog tumors, Science 165:394–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., Steven, L. M., Jr., and Labat, D. D., 1976, Frog renal tumors are composed of stroma, vascular elements, and epithelial cells. What type nucleus programs for tadpoles with the cloning procedure?, in: Progress in Differentiation Research (N. Muller-Berat, ed.), pp. 319–330, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., DeBruyne, G. K., Mareel, M. M., Tarin, D., and Tweedell, K. S., 1984, Cytoplasmic microtubules of normal and tumor cells of the leopard frog: Temperature effects, Differentiation 26:231–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., Bruyneel, E. A., Mareel, M. M., Seppanen, E. D., and Mekala, P. R., 1986, Invasion in vitro by expiants of Lücke renal carcinoma cocultured with normal tissue is temperature dependent, Ciin. Exp. Metast. 4:237–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., Bruyneel, E. A., Mareel, M. M., Tweedell, K. S., and Mekala, P., 1988a, Temperature-dependent malignant invasion in vitro by frog renal carcinoma-derived PNKT-4B cells, Clin. Exp. Metast. 6:49–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnell, R. G., De Bruyne, G., Mareel, M., Rollins-Smith, L., Lust, J., and Kane, D., 1988b, Differentiation of Lucké renal carcinoma induced by nuclear transplantation: Temperature effects on cytoplasmic microtubules, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 29:34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meins, F., Jr., 1974, Mechanisms underlying tumor transformation and tumor reversal in crown-gall, a neoplastic disease at higher plants, in: Developmental Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Immunity (T. J. King, ed.), pp. 23–39, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn, N., Michl, J., Gilbert, H. S., Acs, G., and Christman, J. K., 1980, L-Ethionine as an inducer of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), Cancer Res. 40: 3206–3210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, D., 1985, The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, Science 229:16–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, D., 1986, The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, Blood 67:257–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, B., 1978, Gene expression in neoplasia and differentiation, Harvey Lect. 71:193–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, B., and Illmensee, K., 1975, Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:3585–3589.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, E. E., Mitra, N. S., and Moritz, E. A., 1986, Differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Differences in the effects of retinoic acid, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and N-N 1 dimethylacetamide, Differentiation 31:183–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, W. H., Hildebrandt, A. C., and Riker, A. J., 1958, The preparation, isolation, and growth in culture of single cells from higher plants, Am. J. Bot. 45:589–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, A. B., Czirbik, R. J., Parsa, N. Z., and Testa, J. R., 1985, Induction of terminal differentiation and nuclear appendage(s) formation in a human myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60), Cytobios 44:109–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy, L. S., Smith, M. R., and Stacey, D. W., 1985, Requirement for ras proto-oncogene function during serum-stimulated growth of NIH 3T3 cells, Nature (Lond.) 313:241–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, R., and Verma, I. M., 1984, Expression of cellular oncogenes, Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 112:73–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, R., Bravo, R., Burckhardt, J., and Curran, T., 1984, Induction of c-fos gene and protein by growth factors precedes activation of c-myc, Nature (Lond.) 312:716–720.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, M. R., and Stout, A. P., 1947, Distinctive characteristics of the sympathicoblastoma cultivated in vitro, Am. J. Pathol. 23:429–441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naegele, R. F., Granoff, A., and Darlington, R. W., 1974, The presence of the Lucke herpesvirus genome in induced tadpole tumors and its oncogenicity: Koch-Henle postulates fulfilled, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:830–834.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayasu, M., Terada, M., Tamura, G., and Sugimura, T., 1980, Induction of differentiation of human and murine myeloid leukemia cells in culture by tunicamycin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:409–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nameroff, M. A., Reznik, M., Anderson, P., and Hansen, J. L., 1970, Differentiation and control of mitosis in a skeletal muscle tumor, Cancer Res. 30:596–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Needham, J., 1936, New advances in the chemistry and biology of organized growth, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 29:1577–1626.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Needham, J., 1942, Biochemistry and Morphogenesis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicola, N. A., 1987, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and differentiation-induction in myeloid leukemic cells, Int. J. Cell Cloning 5:1–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberling, C., 1944, The Riddle of Cancer, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogilvie, D. J., McKinnell, R. G., and Tarin, D., 1984, Temperature-dependent elaboration of col-lagenase by the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, Cancer Res. 44:3438–3441.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi, Y., Ueda, K., Hayaishi, O., Ikai, K., and Niwa, O., 1984, Induction of murine teratocarcinoma cell differentiation by suppression of poly(ADP-ribose] synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7132–7136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y. K., 1938, Neural induction by means of inorganic implantation, Growth 2:49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr, N. H., DiBerardino, M. A., and McKinnell, R. G., 1986, The genome of frog erythrocytes displays centuplicate replication, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1369–1373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, V. E., McBurney, M. W., Gardner, R. L., and Evans, M. J., 1975, Fate of teratocarcinoma cells injected into early mouse embryos, Nature (Lond.) 258:70–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, V. E., Gardner, R. L., McBurney, M. W., Babinet, C., and Evans, M. J., 1978, Participation of cultured teratocarcinoma cells in mouse embryogenesis, J. Embryoi. Exp. Morphol. 44: 81–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterno, G. D., and McBurney, M. W., 1985, X chromosome inactivation during induced differentiation of a female mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line, J. Cell Sci. 75:149–163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paukovits, J. B., Paukovits, W. R., and Laerum, O. D., 1986, Identification of a regulatory peptide distinct from normal granulocyte-derived hemoregulatory peptide produced by human prom-yelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells after differentiation induction with retinoic acid, Cancer Res. 46:4444–4448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, J., 1978, Cell differentiation and cancer—A summary, in: Cell Differentiation and Neoplasia (G. F. Saunders, ed.), pp. 525–532, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., 1961, Teratocarcinomas, Can. Cancer Conf. 4:119–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., 1974, The benign cells of malignant tumors, in: Developmental Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Immunity (T. J. King, ed.), pp. 3–22, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., and Dixon, F. J., 1959, Testicular teratomas. I. The demonstration of teratogenesis by metamorphosis of multipotential cells, Cancer 12:573–583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., and Speers, W. C., 1988. Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: Prospects for therapy by directing differentiation, Cancer Res. 48:1996–2004.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., and Wallace, C., 1971, Differentiation of malignant to benign cells, Cancer Res. 31: 127–134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., Dixon, F. J., Jr., and Verney, E., 1959, Testicular teratomas, I. Demonstration of teratogenesis by metamorphosis of multipotential cells, Cancer 12:573–583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., Dixon, F. J., Jr., and Verney, E. L., 1960, Teratocarcinogenic and tissue-forming potentials of the cell types comprising neoplastic embryoid bodies, Lab. Invest. 9:583–602.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., Shikes, R., and Fink, L. M., 1978, Cancer, A Problem of Developmental Riology, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, G. B., Arechaga, J., Muro, C., and Wells, R. S., 1988, Differentiation of ICM cells into trophectoderm, Am. J. Pathol 132:356–364.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pietra, G., Spencer, K., and Shubik, P., 1959, Response of newly born mice to a chemical carcinogen, Nature (Lond.) 183:1689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilz, R. B., Van den Berghe, G., and Boss, G. R., 1987, Induction of HL-60 differentiation by starvation for a single essential amino acid but not by protein synthesis inhibitors, J. Clin. Invest. 79:1006–1009.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, E., 1986, Oncogenes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitot, H. C., 1985, Principles of cancer biology: Chemical carcinogenesis, in: Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology, 2nd ed. (V. T. DeVita, Jr., S. Hellman, and S. A. Rosenberg, eds.), pp. 79–99, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podesta, A. H., Mullins, J., Pierce, G. B., and Wells, R. S., 1984, The neurula-stage mouse embryo in control of neuroblastoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7608–7611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, V. R., 1969, Recent trends in cancer biochemistry: The importance of studies on fetal tissue, Can. Cancer Conf. 8:9–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, V. R., 1987, Blocked ontogeny, Science 237:964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, K. N., 1982, Maturation of neuroblastoma, in: Prolonged Arrest of Cancer (B. A. Stoll, ed.), pp. 281–308, Wiley, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, D. M., and Flexer, A. S., 1986, Cancer, The Misguided Cell, 2nd ed., Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranzi, S., and Tamini, E., 1939, Die Wirkung von NaSCN auf die Entwicklung von Froschembry-onen, Naturwissenschaften 27:566–567.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rather, L. J., 1978, The Genesis of Cancer, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razin, A., Webb, C., Szyf, M., Yisraeli, J., Rosenthal, A., Neven-Many, T., Scicky-Gallili, N., and Cedar, H., 1984, Variations in DNA methylation during mouse differentiation in vivo and in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2275–2279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ream, L. W., and Gordon, M. P., 1982, Crown gall disease and prospects for genetic manipulation in plants, Science 218:854–859.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reitsma, P. H., Rothberg, P. G., Astrin, S. M., Trial, J., Bar-Shavit, Z., Hall, A., Teitelbaum, S. L., and Kahn, A. J., 1983, Regulation of myc gene expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by a vitamin D metabolite, Nature (Lond.) 306:492–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. M., 1949, Transformed cells, Sci. Am. 181(6):22–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. M., 1970, Regeneration: Key to Understanding Normal and Abnormal Growth and Development, Appleton & Lange, E. Norwalk, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S. M., and Wallingford, H. M., 1948, Transformation of renal tumors of frogs to normal tissue in regenerating limbs of salamanders, Science 107:457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley, P. T., and Skuse, G. R., 1987, Oncogene expression in myelopoiesis, Int. J. Cell Cloning 5: 255–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L. N., 1955, The effects of implanting anuran cancer into non-regenerating and regenerating larval urodele limbs, J. Exp. Zool. 128:29–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L. N., 1956, The effects of implanting anuran cancer into regenerating adult urodele limbs. I. Simple regenerating systems, J. Morphol. 98:389–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, L. N., and Balls, M., 1964, The implantation of lymphosarcoma of Xenopus laevis into regenerating and non-regenerating forelimbs of that species, J. Morphol. 115:225–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnicki, M. A., and McBurney, M. W., 1987, Cell culture methods and induction of differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cell lines, in: Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach (E. J. Robertson, ed.), pp. 19–49, IRL Press Ltd., Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., 1978, The differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells: New possibilities for therapy, Br. J. Haematol. 40:509–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., 1980, Activation of normal differentiation genes and the origin and development of myeloid leukemia, in: Differentiation and Neoplasia (R. G. McKinnell, M. A. DiBerardino, M. Blumenfeld, and R. D. Bergad, eds.), pp. 213–216, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., 1986, Growth, differentiation and the reversal of malignancy, Sci. Am. 254:40–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., 1987a, Cell differentiation and bypassing of genetic defects in the suppression of malignancy, Cancer Res. 47:1981–1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., 1987b, The molecular regulators of normal and leukaemic blood cells, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol], 231:289–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samara, A., Yagen, B., Agranat, I., Rachmilewitz, E. A., and Fibach, E., 1987, Induction of differentiation in human myeloid leukemic cells by T-2 toxin and other trichothecenes, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 89:418–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, S. S., and Barbieri, F. D., 1988, Extracellular materials and determination of neuroec-toblast in amphibian gastrula, Exp. Cell Biol. 56:60–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxén, L., and Toivonen, S., 1962, Primary Embryonic Induction, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxén, L., Toivonen, S., and Nakamura, O., 1978, Primary embryonic induction: An unsolved problem, in: Organizer—A Milestone of a Half Century from Spemann (O. Nakamura and S. Toivonen, eds.), pp. 315–320, Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilperoort, R. A., Klapwijk, P. M., Hooykaas, P. J. J., Koekman, B. P., Ooms, G., Otten, L. A. B. M., Wurzer-Figurelli, E. M., Wullems, G. J., and Rorsch, A., 1978, A. tumefaciens plasmids as vectors for genetic transformation of plant cells, in: Frontiers of Plant Tissue Culture 1978 (T. A. Thorpe, ed.), pp. 85–94, International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, Calgary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlumberger, H. G., and Lucké, B., 1948, Tumors of fishes, amphibians and reptiles, Cancer Res. 8: 657–754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, D., Humphreys, S., Baroni, C., and Cohn, M., 1969, In vitro differentiation of a mouse neuroblastoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64:316–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, D., Humphreys, S., DeVitry, F., and Jacob, F., 1971, Induced differentiation of a neuroblastoma, Dev. Biol. 25:514–546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, E. L., Brown, B. J., Nierenburg, M., Marsh, J. C., and Sartorelli, A. C., 1983, Evaluation of some anthracycline antibiotics in an in vivo model for studying drug-induced human leukemia cell differentiation, Cancer Res. 43:2725–2730.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, R. E., Edens, M., Estervig, D. N., Filipac, M., Hoerl, B.Jr., Hsu, B. M., Maercklein, P. B., Minoo, P., Tzen, C-Y., Wilke, M. R., and Zschunke, M. A., 1988, Cellular differentiation and the prevention and treatment of cancer, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 3–16, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeds, N. W., Gilman, A. G., Amano, T., and Nirenberg, M. W., 1970, Regulation of axon formation by clonal lines of a neural tumor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66:160–167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seilern-Aspang, F., and Kratochwil, K., 1962, Induction and differentiation of an epithelial tumour in the newt (Triturus cristatus), J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 10:337–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seppanen, E. D., McKinnell, R. G., Tarin, D., Rollins-Smith, L. A., and Hanson, W., 1984, Temperature-dependent dissociation of Lucké renal adenocarcinoma cells, Differentiation 26:227–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, S. C., 1939, A quantitative study of amphibian neural tube induction with a water-soluble hydrocarbon, J. Exp. Biol 16:143–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheremetieva, E. A., 1965, Spontaneous melanoma in regenerating tails of axolotls, J. Exp. Zool. 158:101–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherr, C. J., Rettenmier, C. W., Sacca, R., Roussei, M. F., Look, A. T., and Stanley, E. R., 1985, The c-fms proto-oncogene product is related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor, CSF-1, Cell 41:665–676.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shumway, W., 1940, Stages in the normal development of Rana pipiens. I. External form, Anat. Rec. 78:139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidell, N., 1981, Retinoic acid induced growth inhibition and morphologic differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro, J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 68:589–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siminovitch, L., and Axelrad, A. A., 1963, Cell-cell interactions in vitro: Their relation to differentiation and carcinogenesis, Can. Cancer Conf. 5:149–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon-Assmann, P., Bouziqes, F., Daviaud, D., Haffen, K., and Kedinger, M., 1987, Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by undifferentiated and differentiated HT29 human colonic cancer cells, Cancer Res. 47:4478–4484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slungaard, A., Confer, D. L., and Schubach, W. H., 1987, Rapid transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc expression during cyclic adenosine monophosphate-promoted differentiation of leukemic cells, J. CJin. Invest. 79:1542–1547.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. H., 1988, The inheritance of genetic tumors in Nicotiana hybrids, J. Hered. 79:277–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. F., and Townsend, C. O., 1907, A plant-tumor of bacterial origin, Science 25:671–673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smithers, D. W., 1969, Maturation in human tumours, Lancet 2:949–952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solter, D., Skreb, N., and Damjanov, I., 1970, Extrauterine growth of mouse egg-cylinder results in malignant teratoma, Nature (Lond.) 227:503–504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza, L. M., Boone, T. C., Gabrilove, J., Lai, P. H., Zsebo, K. M., Murdock, D. C., Chazin, V. R.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruszewski, J., Lu, H., Chen, K. K., Barendt, J., Platzer, E., Moore, M. A. S., Mertelsmann, R., and Weite, K., 1986, Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: Effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells, Science 232:61–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spemann, H., 1938, Embryonic Development and Induction, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spemann, H., and Mangold, H., 1924, Uber Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren, Arch. Mikrosc. Anat. Entwichlungsmech. 100:599–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelman, B. M., Lopata, M. A., and Kirschner, M. W., 1979, Aggregation of microtubule initiation sites preceeding neurite outgrowth of mouse neuroblastoma cells, Cell 16:253–263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sporn, M. B., Roberts, A. B., and Driscoll, J. S., 1985, Principles of cancer biology: Growth factors and differentiation, in: Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology (V. T. DeVita, Jr., S. Hellman, and S. A. Rosenberg, eds.), pp. 49–65, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sporn, M. B., and Roberts, A. B., 1984, Role of retinoids in differentiation and carcinogenesis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 73:1381–1387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. C., 1960, Embryonic potency of embryoid bodies derived from a transplantable testicular teratoma of the mouse, Dev. Biol. 2:285–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. C., 1970a, The development of transplantable teratocarcinomas from intertesticular grafts of pre-and post-implantation mouse embryos, Dev. Biol. 21:364–382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. C., 1970b, Experimental production of testicular teratomas in mice of strains 129, A/He and their F1 hybrids, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44:923–929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. C., 1973, A new inbred subline of mice (129/terSv) with a high incidence of spontaneous testicular teratoma, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50:235–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. C., 1981, Genetic influences on the development of gonadal tumors in mice with emphasis on teratomas, in: Neoplasms—Comparative Pathology of Growth in Animals, Plants, and Man (H. E. Kaiser, ed.), pp. 467–474, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., Mapes, M. O., Kent, A. E., and Holsten, R. D., 1964, Growth and development of cultured plant cells, Science 143:20–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., Ammirato, P. V., and Mapes, M. O., 1970, Growth and development of totipotent cells, Ann. Bot. 34:761–787.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, T. A., and Mintz, B., 1981, Successive generations of mice produced from an established culture line of euploid teratocarcinoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6314–6318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, S., and Mahdavi, V., 1978, The induction of differentiation in teratocarcinoma stem cells by retinoic acid, Cell 15:393–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimoto, T., Kato, T., Sawada, T., Horii, Y., Kemshead, J. T., Hino, T., Morioka, H., and Hosoi, H., 1988, Schwannian cell differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro induced by bromodeoxyuridine, Cancer Res. 48:2531–2537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takebe, I., Labib, G., and Melchers, G., 1971, Regeneration of whole plants from isolated mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco, Naturwissenschaften 58:318–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, K., Minowada, J., Bloch, A., 1982, Kinetics of appearance of differentiation associated characteristics of ML-1, a line of human myeloblastic leukemia cells, after treatment with TPA, DMSO, or Ara-C, Cancer Res. 42:5152–5158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarin, D., 1973, Histochemical and enzyme digestion studies on neural induction in Xenopus laevis, Differentiation 1:109–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomashow, M. F., Hugly, S., Buchholz, W. G., and Thomashow, L. S., 1986, Molecular basis for auxin-independent phenotype of crown gall tumor tissues, Science 231:616–618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timofejewsky, A. D., and Benewolenskaya, S. W., 1929, Neue Beobachtungen an lymphoiden Zellen der myeloiden und lymphatischen Leukämie in Explantations-Versuchens, Arch. Exp. Zellforsch. 8:1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey, J. G., 1985, The development of plant biotechnology, Am. Sci.73:354–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trinchieri, G., Rosen, M., and Perussia, B., 1987, Retinoic acid cooperates with tumor necrosis factor and human interferon in inducing differentiation and growth inhibition of the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60, Blood 69:1218–1224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Triolo, V. A., 1965, Nineteenth century foundations of cancer research advances in tumor pathology, nomenclature, and theories of oncogenesis, Cancer Res. 25:75–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsokos, M., Scarpa, S., Ross, R. A., Triche, T. J., 1987, Differentiation of human neuroblastoma recapitulates neural crest development, Am. J. Pathol. 128:484–496.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsonis, P. A., 1984, Limb regeneration in newts with spontaneous skin cancer, Can. J. Zool. 62: 2681–2685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turgeon, R., Wood, H. N., and Braun, A. C., 1976, Studies on the recovery of crown gall tumor cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3562–3564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tweedell, K. S., 1965, Cytopathology of a frog renal adenocarcinoma in vitro with fluorescence microscopy, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 126:170–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tweedell, K. S., 1967, Induced oncogenesis in developing frog kidney cells, Cancer Bes. 27:2042–2052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tweedell, K. S., 1978, Pronephric tumor cell lines from herpesvirus transformed cells, Int. Agency Res. Cancer Sci. Pub. 24:609–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unsworth, B., and Grobstein, C., 1970, Induction of kidney tubules in mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyme by various embryonic mesenchymal tissues, Dev. Biol. 21:547–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil, V., and Hildebrandt, A. C., 1965, Differentiation of tobacco plants from single, isolated cells in microculture, Science 150:889–892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, C. H., 1935, Cancer and the theory of organizers, Nature (Lond.) 135:606–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wartiovaara, J., and Rechardt, L., 1985, Neural differentiation in embryonal carcinoma cells, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 171:3–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterfield, M. D., Scrace, G. T., Whittle, N., Stroobant, P., Johnsson, A., Wasteson, A., Westermark, B., Heldin, C. H., Huang, J. S., and Devel, T. F., 1983, Platelet-derived growth factor is structurally related to the putative transforming protein p28sis of simian sarcoma virus, Nature (Lond.) 304:35–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, B., Currier, T. C., Gordon, M. P., Chilton, M. D., and Nester, E. W., 1975, Plasmid required for virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, J. Bacteriol. 123:255–264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waxman, S., and Takaku, F., 1988, The incorporation of differentiation induction into the design of cancer therapy, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 407–419, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waxman, S., Scher, W., and Scher, B. M., 1986, Basic principles for utilizing combination differentiation agents, Cancer Detect. Prev. 9:395–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, M., Graham, C., and Walsh, F., 1986, Neuronal differentiation of cloned human teratoma cells in response to retinoic acid in vitro, J. Neuroimmunol. 11:67–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R. S., and Miotto, K. A., 1986, Widespread inhibition of neuroblastoma cells in the 12-to 17-day old mouse embryo, Cancer Res. 46:1659–1662.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westin, E. H., Wong-Staal, F., Gelman, E. P., Dalla Favera, R., Papas, T. S., Lautenberger, J. A., Eva, A., Premkumar Reddy, E., Tronick, S. R., Aaronson, S. A., and Gallo, R. C., 1982, Expression of cellular homologues of retroviral onc genes in human hematopoietic cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2490–2494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, R. H., Jones, J. K., Gabriel, A., and Lukies, R. E., 1987, A new colon carcinoma cell line (LIM 1863) that grows as organoids with spontaneous differentiation into crypt-like structures in vitro, Cancer Res. 47:2683–2689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiemann, M., Alexander, P., and Calabresi, P., 1988, Combination differentiation therapy, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 299–314. Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, R. A., 1962, The Borderland of Embryology and Pathology, 2nd ed., Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witschi, E., 1948, Migration of the germ cells of human embryos from the yolk sac to the primitive gonadal folds, Contrih. Embryol. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 32:67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witschi, E., 1956, Development of Vertebrates, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M., Normura, S., and Beppu, T., 1987, Effects of trichostatins on differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, Cancer Res. 47:3688–3691.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, A. A., Arimura, G. K., Wu, F-M., and Wu, M-C, 1987, Differentiation of cultured prom-yelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) induced by endotoxin-treated human lung conditioned medium, Leuk. Res. 11:673–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuspa, S. H., and Roop, D. R., 1988, Alterations in control of terminal differentiation in premalig-nant and malignant mouse keratinocytes, in: The Status of Differentiation Therapy of Cancer (S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, and F. Takaku, eds.), pp. 17–28, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. T., and Speers, W. C., 1988, Induction of differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells by ouabain, Differentiation 36:164–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zweibaum, A., Pinto, M., Chevalier G., Dussaulx, E., Triadou, N., Lacroix, B., Haffen, K., Brun, J-L., and Rousset, M., 1985, Enterocytic differentiation of a subpopulation of the human colon tumor cell line HT-29 selected for growth in sugar-free medium and its inhibition by glucose, J. Cell Physiol. 122:21–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108-1095, USA

    Robert Gilmore McKinnell

Authors
  1. Robert Gilmore McKinnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McKinnell, R.G. (1989). Neoplastic Cells Modulation of the Differentiated State. In: Genomic Adaptability in Somatic Cell Specialization. Developmental Biology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6820-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6820-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6822-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6820-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation