Abstract
The theory of density-independent selection is that part of the modern theory of natural selection with the most distinguished heritage. Thus, any theoretical treatment which is in the classical tradition is identified today by what it is not; it is not a theory about density-dependent selection. The latter theory is quite young, the analytical development starting with Anderson (1971), Roughgarden (1971), and Charlesworth (1971). Thus, we have a “traditionalist-modernist” characterization, which in some disciplines could represent a valid comparison between competing ideas. However, the field of population biology is different. Here, many theories can be simultaneously “true.” To be specific, both density-dependent selection and density-independent selection could be true not only when considering different species, but even when one considers the genetic variance as this may be expressed over different loci within the same local population of one species, and the two modes of selection may vary in importance from one local population to another.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, W. W., 1971, Genetic equilibrium and population growth under density-dependent selection, Am. Nat 105 (946): 489–499.
Asmussen, A. A., and Feldman, M. W., 1977, Density dependent selection. 1. A stable feasible equilibrium may not be attainable, J. Theor. Biol 64: 603–618.
Bakker, K., 1961, An analysis of factors which determine success in competition for food among larvae of Drosophila melanogaster, Arch. Neéri. Zool 14: 200–281.
Bell, A. E., Moore, C. H., and Warren, D. C., 1955, The evaluation of new methods for improvement of quantitative characteristics, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol 20: 197–213.
Bulmer, M. G., 1972, Multiple niche polymorphism, Am. Nat 106 (948): 254–257.
Bundgaard, J., and Christiansen, F. B., 1972, Dynamics of polymorphisms. I. Selection components in an experimental population of Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics 71: 439–460.
Bush, G. L., 1969, Sympatric host race formation and speciation in frugivorous flies of the genus Rhagoletis, Evolution 23: 237–251.
Cantello, W. W., and Childress, D., 1974, Laboratory and field studies with a compound chromosome strain of Drosophila melanogaster, Theor. Appl. Genet 45: 1–6.
Caspari, E., 1950, On the selective value of the alleles Rt and rt in Ephestia kuhniella, Am. Nat. 84(818): 367–380.
Caspari, E., 1952, Pleiotropic gene action, Evolution 6 (1): 1–18.
Charlesworth, B., 1970, Selection in populations with overlapping generations. I. The use of Malthusian parameters in population genetics, Theor. Pop. Biol 1: 352–370.
Charlesworth, B., 1971, Selection density regulated populations, Ecology 52: 469–474.
Charlesworth, B., 1972, Selection in populations with overlapping generations. III. Conditions for genetic equilibrium, Theor. Pop. Biol 3: 377–395.
Charlesworth, B., and Giesel, J. T., I972a, Selection in populations with overlapping generations. II. Relations between gene frequency and demographic variables, Am. Nat 106: 388–401.
Charlesworth, B., and Giesel, J. T., 1972, Selection in populations with overlapping generations. IV. Fluctuations in gene frequency with density-dependent selection, Am. Nat 106: 402–412.
Childress, D., 1972, Changing population structure through the use of compound chromosomes, Genetics 72 (1): 183–186.
Christiansen, F. B., 1975, Hard and soft selection in a subdivided population, Am. Nat 109: 11–16.
Christiansen, F. B., and Fenchel, R. M., 1977, Theories of Populations in Biological Communities, Springer Verlag, New York.
Clark, L. R., Geier, D. W., Hughes, R. D., and Morris, R. F., 1967,The ecology of insect populations, Methuen, London.
Clarke, B., 1972,Density-dependent selection, Am. Nat 106 (947):1–13.
Clegg, M. T., and Allard, R. W., 1973, Viability versus fecundity selection in the slender wild oat, Avena barbata L., Science 181: 667–668.
Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L., and Allard, R. W., 1978. Estimation of life cycle components of selection in an experimental plant population, Genetics 89: 765–792.
Crow, J. F., and Kimura, M., 1965, The theory of genetic loads, Proc. 11th Intl. Cong. Genet 3: 495–505.
Crow, J. F., and Kimura, M., 1970, An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory,Harper and Row, New York.
De Benedictis, P., 1977a, Studies in the dynamics of genetically variable populations. I. Frequency and density dependent selection in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics 87 (2): 343–356.
De Benedictis, P., 1977b, Studies in the dynamics of genetically variable populations. II. Growth of experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster experiencing intense natural selection, Biol. Bull 153 (2): 265–281.
Dempster, E. R., 1955, Maintenance of genetic heterogeneity, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol 20: 25–33.
Felsenstein, J., 1976, The theoretical population genetics of variable selection and migration, Annu. Rev. Genet 10: 253–280.
Fitz-Earle, M., 1975, Minimum frequency of compound autosomes in Drosophila melanogaster to achieve chromosomal replacement in cages, Genetics 45: 191–201.
Fitz-Earle, M., and Holm, D. G., 1976, The application of compound autosomes to insect control including the first experimental successes with compound-fragment combinations, Proc. 15th Intl. Cong. of Entomol, Washington, D.C.
Fitz-Earle, M., and Holm, D. G., 1978, Exploring the potential of compound; free-arm combinations of chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster for insect control and the survival to pupae of whole-arm trisomics, Genetics 89 (3): 499–510.
Fitz-Earle, M., Holm, D. G., and Suzuki, D. T., 1973, Genetic control of insect populations. I. Cage studies of chromosomal replacement by compound autosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics 74 (3): 461–475.
Foster, G. G., Whitton, M. J., Prout, T., and Gill, R., 1972, Chromosome rearrangements for the control of insect pests, Science 176: 875–880.
Gill, D. E., 1974, Intrinsic rate of increase, saturation density, and competitive ability. II. The evolution of competitive ability, Am. Nat 108 (959): 103–116.
Gilpin, M. E., Case, T. J., and Ayala, F. J. 1976, O-selection, Math. Biosci 32: 131–139.
Hansche, P. E., Beres, V., and Brooks, R. M., 1966, Heritability and genetic correlation in the sweet cherry, Am. Soc. Hort. Sci 88: 173–183.
Hansche, P. E., Beres, V., and Forde, H. I., 1972, Estimates of quantitative genetic properties of walnut and their implications for cultivar improvement, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci 97 (2): 279–285.
Hansche, P., Hesse, C. O., and Beres, V., 1975, Inheritance of fruit size, soluble solids, and ripening data in Prunus domestica cv. Agen, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci 100 (5): 522–524.
Hassel, M. P., 1975, Density-dependence in single species populations, J. Anim. Ecol 44: 283–295.
Hassel, M. P., Lawton, J. H., and May, R. M., 1976, Patterns of dynamical behavior in single-species population, J. Anim. Ecol 45: 471–486.
Hedrick, P. W., Ginevan, M. E., and Ewing, E., 1976, Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst 7: 1–32.
King, C. E., and Anderson, W. W., 1971, Age-specific selection. II. The interaction between r and K during population growth, Am. Nat 105 (942): 137–156.
King, J. L., 1967, Continuously distributed factors affecting fitness. Genetics 55: 483–492.
Levene, H., 1953, Genetic equilibrium when more than one ecological niche is available, Am. Nat 87: 331–333.
Lewontin, R. C., and Hubby, J. L., 1966, A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, Genetics 54: 595–609.
MacArthur, R., and Wilson, E. O., 1967, The Theory of Island Biogeography, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
May, R. M., 1975, Biological populations obeying difference equations: Stable points, stable cycles, and chaos, J. Theor. Biol 51: 511–524.
May, R. M., and Oster, G. G., 1976, Bifurcations and dynamic complexity in simple ecological models, Am. Nat 110 (974): 573–599.
Mayr, E., 1972, Populations, Species and Evolution, p. 118, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
McKenzie, J. A., 1976, The release of a compound chromosome stock in a vineyard cellar population of Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics 82 (4): 685–695.
Milkman, R., 1967, Heterosis as a major cause of heterozygosity in nature, Genetics 55: 493–495.
Morton, N., Crow, J., and Muller, H. J., 1956, An estimate of the mutational damage in man from data on consanguinous marriages, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 42: 855–863.
Nagylaki, T., 1976a, The evolution of one locus and two locus systems, Genetics 83: 583–600.
Nagylaki, T., 1976b, The evolution of one locus and two locus systems. II, Genetics 85: 347–354.
Parsons, P. A., 1977, Resistance to cold temperature stress in populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans, Aust. J. Zool. 25: 693–698.
Polivanov, S., and Anderson, W. W., 1969, Selections in experimental populations. II. Components of selection and their fluctuations in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics 63: 919–932.
Prout, T., 1971, The relation between fitness components and population prediction in Drosophila, Genetics 68: 127–167.
Prout, T., 1978, The joint effects of the release of sterile males and immigration of fertilized females on a density regulated population, Theor. Pop. Biol 13 (1): 40–71.
Proverbs, M. D., Logan, D. M., and Corty, B. E., 1973, Some biological observations relating to codling moth control by the sterility principle, in: Computer Models and Application of the Sterile Male Technique, pp. 149–165, International Atomic Energy Agency, STI/PUB 340, Vienna.
Roughgarden, J., 1971, Density dependent natural selection, Ecology 52 (3):453–468.
Roughgarden, J., 1976, Resource partitioning among competing species. A coevolutionary approach, Theor. Pop. Biol 9 (3):388–424.
Schoener, T. W., 1973, Population growth regulated by intraspecific competition for energy or time: Some simple representations, Theor. Pop. Biol 4 (1): 56–84.
Smouse, P. E., 1976, The implications of density-dependent population growth for frequency and density-dependent selection, Am. Nat 110: 849–860.
Southwood, T. R. E., May, R. M., Hassell, M. P., and Conway, G. R., 1974, Ecological strategies and population parameters, Am. Nat 108 (964): 791–804.
Sved, J. A., Reed, T. E., and Bodmer, W. F., 1967, The number of balanced polymorphisms that can be maintained in natural populations, Genetics 55: 469–481.
Varley, G. C., and Gradwell, G. R., 1963, Predatory insects as density dependent mortality factors, Proc. 16th Int. Congr. Zool 1: 240.
Varley, C. G., Gradwell, G. R., and Hassell, M. P., 1973, Insect Population Ecology, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Wallace, B., 1968, Topics in Population Genetics, Norton, New York.
Wallace, B., 1975, Hard and soft selection revisited, Evolution 29: 465–473.
Wilbur, H. M., Tinkle, D. W., and Collins, J. P., 1974, Environmental certainty, trophic level, and resource availability in life history evolution, Am. Nat 108 (964): 805–817.
Williams, G. C., 1966, Adaptation and Natural Selection, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Wills, C., 1978, Rank-order selection is capable of maintaining all genetic polymorphisms, Genetics 89 (2): 403–417.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prout, T. (1980). Some Relationships between Density-Independent Selection and Density-Dependent Population Growth. In: Hecht, M.K., Steere, W.C., Wallace, B. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6962-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6962-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6964-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6962-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive