Abstract
Every one of us began life wetting the bed and making a “mess” of diapers on a daily basis. Our parents and others then imposed some form of toilet training on us. By various means, they taught us when to eliminate and when to withhold urine and feces—and they insisted that we learn to comply with the rules. We were not alone. In a classic study of 22 cultures, Whiting and Child (1953) concluded that toilet training is the most basic and universal target of socialization everywhere. Moreover, bladder and bowel training are closely linked. That is, parents almost always begin training for urination and defecation concurrently and generally report that children stop soiling and become dry at about the same time, regardless of whether it is “early” or “late.”
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© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
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Liebert, R.M., Fischel, J.E. (1990). The Elimination Disorders. In: Lewis, M., Miller, S.M. (eds) Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7142-1_32
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7142-1_32
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