Abstract
The inequality of food demand and food supply has persisted in parts of the world since the dawn of man’s history, but in modern times the populations of developed countries have felt secure in their escape from hunger. This situation changed in 1974 with some food commodities in short supply on a worldwide basis. A high world population growth rate (currently about 2%) and major regional crop failures because of adverse climate and damaging pest attacks (principally insects and diseases) has brought the world feed and food grain reserves to their lowest levels in two decades (Revelle, 1974). Although the actual magnitude of the world food problem is not known, famine is reported in many developing countries, and the death rate is actually rising in at least 12 and possibly 20 such nations in Africa and Southern Asia (NAS, 1975). This imbalance in the world food-people equation has focused unprecedented attention to increased agricultural production in both developed and developing nations. Regardless of whether we succeed or fail in reducing significantly human population growth, the immediate challenge of the United States and the World is to optimize agricultural and other renewable resource productivity per unit of land area, water, fertilizer, energy, and time (Wittwer, 1975). These efforts to increase productivity of the land in both developed and developing countries will accelerate the development and adoption of production practices that generally intensify crop protection problems. The magnitude of agricultural crop losses to pests has not been measured adequately even in the most highly developed countries, but these losses are recognized as being substantial.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
Apple, J.L., 1972, Intensified pest management needs of developing nations, BioScience 22:461–164.
Apple, J. L., and R. F. Smith, 1973, Crop protection problems in Latin America, Devi. Dig. 10(4):98–105.
Brader, L., 1974, Present Status of Integrated Control of Pests, Mededeelingen Fakulteit Land-bouw, Wetenschappen Ent. 39(2):345–365.
Brader, L., 1975, Progress in Biological and Integrated Control, Bull IOBC/PRS 1975/1. 152 pp.
Browning, C. B., 1972, Systems of pest management and plant protection, Report of the RICOP Committee on Plant Protection, St. Louis, Mo. 24 pp.
Chiarappa, L., 1974, Possibility of supervised plant disease control in pest management systems, FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 22:65–68.
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), 1972, Integrated Pest Management, US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 41 pp.
Cox, R. S., 1971, The Private Practioner in Agriculture, Solo Publications, Lake Worth, Fla. 192 pp.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 1966, Proceedings of FAO Symposium on Integrated Pest Control, Rome, October, 1965, Vols. 1–3.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 1973, Report of the Fourth Session of the FAO Panel of Experts on Integrated Pest Control, Rome, December 6-9, 1972. 35 pp.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 1975, The development and application of integrated pest control in agriculture, in: Report on an ad hoc Session of the FAO Panel of Experts on Integrated Pest Control, Rome, October 15-25, 1974. 24 pp.
Good, J. M., 1975, Integrated pest management projects: Progress and future programs, in: Proceedings of Peanut, Tobacco and Vegetable Pest Management Workshop, Raleigh, N.C., February 18-20, 1975, pp. 123–129.
Grimes, W., 1975, The role of the entomologist in food and fiber production, J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 10(Suppl. I): 1–7.
Huffaker, C. B., and Croft, B. A., 1975, Integrated pest management in the USA— and promise, Environ. Health Persps. (In press).
Klassan, W., 1975, Pest management: Organization and resources for implementation, in: Insects, Science, and Society (D, Pimentai, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 227–256.
National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 1975, Population and food—issues, Committee on World Food, Health and Population, National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C. 50 pp.
Revelle, R., 1974, Food and population, Sei. Am. 231(3): 160–170.
Rowell, J. B., and Roelfs, A. P., 1974, Wheat stem rust, in: USA-USSR Symposium on Long-Term Prediction Models of Insects, Phytopathogens, and Weed Populations as They Relate to Crop Loss, Michigan State University, October 15-17, 1974. 24 pp.
Smith, R. F., 1972, The impact of the green revolution on plant protection in tropical and subtropical areas, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 18:7–14.
Smith, R. F., and Huffaker, C. B., 1973, Integrated control strategy in the United States and its practical implementation, OEPP/PPO Bull. 3(3):31–49
Smith, R. F., Huffaker, C. B., Adkisson, P.L., and Newsom, L. D., 1974, Progress achieved in the implementation of integrated control projects in the USA and tropical countries, OEPPIEPPO Bull. 4(3): 221–239.
Wittwer, S. H., 1975, Food production: Technology and the resource base, Science 188:579–584.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Apple, J.L., Smith, R.F. (1976). Progress, Problems, and Prospects for Integrated Pest Management. In: Apple, J.L., Smith, R.F. (eds) Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7269-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7269-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7271-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7269-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive