Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nicotine

  • Chapter
Poisons of Plant Origin

  • 166 Accesses

Abstract

Nicotine is l-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine. It has an empirical formula C10H14N2 and a molecular weight of 162.23. Its structural formula is shown in Fig. 1, from which it will be seen that nicotine can exist as two optically active isomers, with the asymmetrical carbon atom at position 2 in the pyrrolidine ring. The natural (−) isomer has an S-configuration and is more potent that the (+)-R isomer (Barlow, 1968).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ambache, N., 1951, Unmasking, after cholinergic paralysis by botulinum toxin, of a reversed action of nicotine on the mammalian intestine, revealing the probable presence of local inhibitory ganglion cells in the enteric plexus, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 6: 51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambache, N., and Edwards, J., 1951, Reversed nicotine action on the intestine by atropine, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 6: 311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambache, N., and Roche e Silva, M., 1951, Analysis of certain interactions of nicotine with bradykinin and histamine, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 6: 68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambache, N., Perry, W. L. M., and Robertson, R. A., 1956, The effect of muscarine on perfused superior cervical ganglia of cats, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 11: 442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Applegren, L. E., Hansson, E., and Schmitterlow, C. G., 1963, Localization of radio-activity in the superior cervical ganglion of cats following injection of C14 labelled nicotine, Acta Physiol. Scand. 59: 330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ariens, E. J., and van Rossum, J. M., 1956, Nicotine induced contracture of the rectus abdominis muscle of the frog, Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Neerl. 5: 259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, A. K., and Hall, G. H., 1969, Mode of action of intravenous nicotine in causing a fall of blood pressure in the cat, Europ. J. Pharmacol. 7: 23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, A. K., and Milton, A. S., 1965, The release of adrenaline by nicotine from the adrenal medulla, in: Tobacco Alkaloids and Related Compounds, Proceedings of Fourth International Symposium at Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, 1964, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, A. K., Hall, G. H., and Morrison, C. F., 1968, Pharmacological basis for the smoking habit, Nature (Lond.) 217: 331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, A. K., Hall, G. H., and Sellers, C. M., 1969, Effects of nicotine on electrocortical activity and acetylcholine release from the cat cerebral cortex, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 35: 152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacq, Z. M., and Brown, G. L., 1937, Pharmacological experiments on mammalian voluntary muscle, in relation to the theory of chemical transmission, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 89: 45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, R. B., 1968, Introduction to Chemical Pharmacology, Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beränek, R., and Vyskocil, F., 1967, The action of tubocurarine and atropine on the normal and denervated rat diaphragm, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 188: 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, P. B., 1968, Synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and its relevance for drug action, Internat. Rev. Neurobiol. 11: 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. A., and Halliwell, J. V., 1972, Intracellular pH in rat isolated superior cervical ganglia in relation to nicotine depolarization and nicotine uptake, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 45: 349.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. A., and Scholfield, C. N., 1972, Nicotine washout rates from isolated rat ganglia in relation to recovery from nicotine depolarization, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 45: 29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. A., Jones, K. B., Halliwell, J. V., and Quilliam, J. P., 1970, Evidence against a presynaptic action of acetylcholine during ganglionic transmission, Nature (Lond.) 226: 958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. L., and Gray, J. A. B., 1948, Some effects of nicotine-like substances and their relation to sensory nerve endings, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 107: 306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., 1972, Purinergic nerves, Pharmacol. Rev. 24: 509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byck, R., 1961, The effect of hexamethonium on the carotid chemoreceptor response to nicotine and cyanide, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 16: 15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiou, C. Y., Long, J. P., Potrepka, R., and Spratt, J. L., 1970, The ability of various nicotinic agents to release acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 187: 88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collier, B., and Katz, H. S., 1970, The release of acetylcholine by acetylcholine in the cat’s superior cervical ganglion. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 39: 428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coon, J. M., and Rothman, S., 1940, The nature of the pilomotor response to acetylcholine; some observations on the pharmacodynamics of the skin, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 68: 301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, J. M., and Curtis, D. R., 1966, Pharmacological studies on feline Betz cells, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 186: 121.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, J. M., Curtis, D. R., Voorhoeve, P. E., and Wilson, V. J., 1966, Acetylcholine sensitivity of cerebellar neurones in the cat, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 186: 139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawshaw, H. A., 1944, Nicotine poisoning in lambs, Vet. Ree. 56: 276.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., and Crawford, J. M., 1969, Central synaptic transmission-Microelectrophoretic studies, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9: 209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., and Eccles, R. M., 1958, The excitation of Renshaw cells by pharmacological agents applied electrophoretically, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 141: 435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., and Ryall, R. W., 1966α, The excitation of Renshaw cells by cholinomimetics, Exptl. Brain Res. 2: 49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., and Ryall, R. W., 1966b, The acetylcholine receptors of Renshaw cells, Exptl. Brain Res. 2: 66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., and Ryall, R. W., 1966c, The synaptic excitation of Renshaw cells, Exptl. Brain Res. 2: 81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., Eccles, J. C., and Eccles, R. M., 1957, Pharmacological studies on spinal reflexes, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 136: 420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., Ryall, R. W., and Watkins, J. C., 1966, The action of cholinomimetics on spinal interneurones, Exptl. Brain Res. 2: 97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, H. H., and Gasser, H. S., 1926, The pharmacology of denervated mammalian muscle. Part I. The nature of the substances producing contracture, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 29: 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Groat, W. C., and Ryall, R. W., 1969, Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat, J. Physiol (Lond.) 200: 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dettbarn, W. D., 1966, in: Biochemistry and Pharmacology of the Basal Ganglia, (E. Costa, L. J. Cote, and M. D. Yahr, eds.) pp. 57–61, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, W. W., 1952, The effect of a ganglion-blocking drug, hexamethonium, on the response of the cat’s carotid body to various stimuli, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118: 373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, W. W., and Ritchie, J. M., 1960, The excitatory action of acetylcholine on cutaneous non-myelinated fibrers, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 150: 501.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C., Eccles, R. M., and Fatt, P., 1956, Pharmacological investigations on a central synapse operated by acetylcholine, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 131: 154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, R. M., 1956, The effect of nicotine on synaptic transmission in the sympathetic ganglion, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 118: 26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, R. M., and Libet, B., 1961, Origin and blockade of the synaptic responses of curarized sympathetic ganglia, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 157: 484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eyzaguirre, C., and Koyano, H., 1965, Effects of some pharmacological agents on chemoreceptor discharges, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 178: 410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eyzaguirre, C., Nishi, K., and Fidone, S., 1972, Chemoreceptor synapses in the carotid body, Fed. Proc. 31: 1385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldberg, W., and Gaddum, J. H., 1934, The chemical transmitter at synapses in a sympathetic ganglion, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 81: 305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldberg, W., and Vartiainen, A., 1935, Further observations on the physiology and pharmacology of a sympathetic ganglion, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 83: 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feurt, S. D., Jenkins, J. H., Haynes, F. A., and Crockford, H. A., 1958, Pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine with special reference to species variation, Science 127: 1054.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, E., Silvette, H., Larson, P., and Haag, H. B., 1960, Effect of nicotine and tobacco on muscle function, Am. J. Phys. Med. 39: 63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, C. M., and Horn, D., 1971, Smoking and Health World Health Organization (WHO). Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd., Bristol, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaede, D,. 1940, Über die Wirkung fortgesetzer Nikotininjektionen bei Kanarienvögeln, Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. 196: 164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasser, H. S., 1930, Contractures of skeletal muscle, Physiol. Rev. 10: 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebber, G. L., 1968, Dissociation of depolarization and ganglionic blockade induced by nicotine, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 160: 124.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsborg, B. C., 1971, On the presynaptic acetylcholine receptors in sympathetic ganglia of the frog, J. Physiol (Lond.) 216: 237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsborg, B. C., and Guerro, S. J., 1964, On the action of depolarizing drugs on sympathetic ganglion cells of the frog, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 172: 189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginzel, K. H., Eldred, E., and Sasaki, Y., 1969, Comparative study of the actions of nicotine and succinylcholine on the monosynaptic reflex and spindle afferent activity, Internat. J. Neuropharmacol. 8: 515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginzel, K. H., Klupp, H., Sotrmann, H., and Werner, G., 1953, Hemmung des Patellarsehnen-reflexes durch zentral und peripher wirkende Stoffe, Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. 218: 308–312.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, J., 1971, Action of nicotine on reflexes in spinal cats, Neuropharmacology 10: 399.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, J., and Sharpless, S. K., 1971, Effects of nicotine and recurrent inhibition on monosynaptic reflexes in acute and chronic spinal cats, Neuropharmacology 10: 413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, L. S., and Gilman, A., 1970, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th ed., Macmillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A. B., and Diamond, J., 1957, Pharmacological properties of sensory receptors and their relation to those of the autonomic nervous system, Brit. Med. Bull. 13: 185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., 1968, Influence of nicotine on intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the anaesthetized cat, Internat. J. Neuropharmacol. 7: 365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., 1970, Effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke on the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 38: 271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., 1972α, Effects of nicotine, carbon monoxide and tobacco smoke on regional blood flow in the cerebral cortex, Europ. J. Pharmacol. 19: 385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., 19726, Changes in body temperature produced by cholinomimetic substances injected into the cerebral ventricles of unanaesthetized cats, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 44: 634.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., and Myers, R. D., 1972, Temperature changes produced by nicotine injected into the hypothalamus of the conscious monkey, Brain Res. 37: 241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. H., and Turner, D. M., 1972, Effects of nicotine on the release of 3H-noradrenaline from the hypothalamus, Biochem. Pharmacol. 21: 1829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanzlik, P. J., and Wood, D. A., 1929, The mechanism of digitalis-emesis in pigeons, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 37: 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herxheimer, N., 1965, Bronchoconstrictor agents and their antagonists in the intact guinea- pig, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 106: 371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Bouckaert, J. J., and Dautrebande, L., 1931, Sinus carotidien et reflexes respiratoires. III. Sensibilite des sinus carotidiens aux substances chimiques. Action stimulante respiratoire reflexe du sulfure de sodium, du cyanure du potassium, de la nicotine et de la lobeline, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Therap. 40: 54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, D., and Wynder, E. C., 1972, Smoke of cigarettes and little cigars: An analytical comparison, Science 178: 197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstatter-Von, R., 1923, Experimentelle Studie über die Einwirkung des Nicotins auf die Keimdrüsen und auf die Fortpflanzung, Virchow’s Arch. 244: 183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, C. C., 1952, Drug effects on mammalian muscle spindles, Fed. Proc. 11: 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, L. M., and Phillis, J. W., 1972, Acetylcholine inhibition in the intact and chronically isolated cerebral cortex, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 45: 584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, B., and Thesleff, S., 1957, A study of desensitization produced by acetylcholine at the motor and plate, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 138: 63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keele, C. A., and Armstrong, D., 1964, Substances Producing Pain and Itch, Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, G. V., Campbell, C., and Lomax, P., 1973, The effects of acetylcholine and nicotine on unit activity in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centres of the rat, Brain Res. 51: 215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krivoy, W. A., and Willis, J. H., 1956, Adaptation to constant concentrations of acetylcholine, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 116: 220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krnjevic, K., and Phillis, J. W., 1963, Pharmacological properties of acetylcholine-sensitive cells in the cerebral cortex, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 166: 328.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuffler, S. W., 1943, Specific excitability of the end plate region in normal and denervated muscle, J. Neurophysiol. 6: 99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laffan, R. J., and Borison, H. L., 1957, Emetic action of nicotine and lobeline, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 121: 468.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1890α, On the physiology of salivary secretion. Part VI. Chiefly upon the connection of peripheral nerve cells with the nerve fibres which run to the sublingual and sub-maxillary glands, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11: 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1890b, Action of various poisons upon nerve fibres and peripheral nerve cells, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11: 509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1896, On the nerve cell connections of the splanchnic nerve fibres, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 20: 223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1899–1900, On axon reflexes in the preganglionic fibres of the sympathetic system, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 25: 364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1901, On the stimulation and paralysis of nerve cells and of nerve endings. Part I, J. Physiol (Lond.) 21: 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1905, On the reaction of cells and of nerve endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 33: 374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1906, On nerve endings and on special excitable substances in cells, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 78: 170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1907–1908, On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of “receptive” substances. Part 1, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 36: 347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1908α, On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of “receptive” substances. Part 11, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 37: 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 19086, On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of “receptive” substances. Part III. The reaction of frog’s muscle to nicotine after denervation, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 37: 285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1909, On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of “receptive” substances. Part IV. The effect of curari and of some other substances on the nicotine response of the sartorius and gastrocnemius muscles of the frog, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 39: 235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1910a, Note on the action of nicotine and curari on the receptive substance of the frog’s rectus abdominis muscle, J. Physiol. Lond. 40:lix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1910b, Inhibitory fibres for the bladder in the pelvic nerve: Antagonism by curare of the nicotine stimulations of nerve cells, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 40:lxii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N,. 1910c, The sympathetic innervation of the skin of the frog, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 40:lxiii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1911, The action of salts on the neural and non-neural regions of muscle, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 42:xxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1911–1912, The effect of various poisons upon the response to nervous stimuli chiefly in relation to the bladder, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 43: 125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1912–1913, Observations on vascular reflexes chiefly in relation to the effect of strychnine, J. Physiol. (Lond.). 45: 239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1913, The protracted contraction of muscle caused by nicotine and other substances chiefly in relation to rectus abdominis muscle of the frog, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 47: 159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1914, The antagonism of curari and nicotine in skeletal muscle, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 48: 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., 1918–1919, Persistence of the central somatic effect of strychnine after a large dose of nicotine, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 52:xliv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Anderson, H. K., 1894, On reflex action from sympathetic ganglia, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 14: 410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Anderson, H. K., 1895, The innervation of the pelvic and adjoining viscera, Part V. Position of nerve cells on the course of the efferent nerve fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 19: 131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Dickinson, W. L., 1889a, On the local paralysis of peripheral ganglia, and on the connexion of different classes of nerve fibres with them, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 46: 432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Dickinson, W. L., 18896, On the progressive paralysis of the different classes of nerve cells in the superior cervical ganglion, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. 47: 379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Dickinson, W. L., 1890, Pituri and nicotine, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 11: 265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., and Sherrington, C. S., 1891, On pilo-motor nerves, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 12: 278.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, P. S., Haag, H. B., and Silvette, H., 1961, Tobacco: Experimental and Clinical Studies, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman, A. J., 1948, The toxicology of the newer agricultural chemicals, Bull. Ass Food Drug Officials 12: 82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, A., and Thesleff, S., 1953, Dual action of nicotine on the sympathetic ganglion of the cat, Acta Physiol. Scand. 28: 218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCance, I., and Phillis, J. W., 1968, Cholinergic mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex, Internat. J. Neuropharmacol. 7: 447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mclntyre, A. R., and Braverman, I., 1947, The action of certain drugs on an actomyosin-ATP system, Fed. Proc. 6: 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merck Index, 1968, 8th ed., Merck & Co., Rahway, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J., 1891, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Wirkung des Nicotins, Inaugural Dissertation Kiel. Quoted by Larson et al. (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miledi, R., 1960, The acetylcholine sensitivity of frog muscle fibres after complete or partial denervation, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 151: 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paintal, A. S., 1954, The response of gastric stretch receptors and certain other abdominal and thoracic vagal receptors to some drugs, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 126: 271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paintal, A. S., 1955, Impulses in vagal afferent fibres from specific pulmonary deflation receptors: The response of these receptors to phenyl diguanide, potato starch, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and nicotine, and their role in respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes, Quart. J. Exptl. Physiol. (Lond.) 40: 89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paintal, A. S., 1964, Effects of drugs on vertebrate mechanoreceptors, Pharmacol. Rev. 16: 341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paintal, A. S., 1971, Action of drugs on sensory nerve endings, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 11: 231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, W. D. M., 1961, A theory of drug action based on the rate of drug-receptor combination, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 154: 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, W. D. M., and Perry, W. L. M., 1951, Depolarization and transmission block in the cat’s superior cervical ganglion, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 112: 48 P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, W. D. M., and Perry W. L. M., 1953, The relationship between depolarization and block in the cat’s superior cervical ganglion, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 119: 43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J. W., 1971, The pharmacology of thalamic and geniculate neurons, Internat. Rev. Neurobiol. 14: 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J. W., and York, D. H., 1968a, Pharmacological studies on a cholinergic inhibition in the cerebral cortex, Brain Res. 10: 297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J. W., and York, D. H., 19686, Nicotine, smoking and cortical inhibition, Nature (Lond.) 219: 89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purinton, T., Fletcher, T., and Bradley, W., 1971, Sensory perikarya in autonomic ganglia, Nature New Biol. 231: 63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rang, H. R., and Ritter, J. M., 1969, A new kind of drug antagonism: Evidence that agonists cause a molecular change in acetylcholine receptors, Mol. Pharmacol. 5: 394.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rang, H. R., and Ritter, J. M., 1970a, On the mechanism of desensitization at cholinergic receptors, Mol. Pharmacol. 6: 357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rang, H. R., and Ritter, J. M., 1970b, The relationship between desensitization and the metaphilic effect at cholinergic receptors, Mol. Pharmacol. 6: 383.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riker, W. K., 1968, Ganglion cell depolarization and transmission block by ACH: Independent events, J. Pharmacol. Exptl, The rap. 159: 345.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riker, W. F.-, and Okamoto, M., 1969, Pharmacology of motor nerve terminals, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9: 173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryall, R. W., Piercey, M. F., Goldfarb, J., and Polosa, C., 1972, Excitation of Renshaw cells in relation to orthodromic and antidromic excitation of motoneurones, J. Neurophysiol. 35: 137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, S. R., 1971, Effects of mecamylamine on responses of carotid body chemoreceptors in vivo to physiological and pharmacological stimuli, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 212: 655.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, A., and Wright, S., 1938, Action of nicotine on the spinal cord, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 94: 136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silvette, H., Hoff, E. C., Larson, P. S., and Haag, H. B., 1962, The actions of nicotine on the central nervous system functions, Pharmacol. Rev. 14: 137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thesleff, S., 1955, The mode of neuromuscular block caused by acetylcholine, nicotine, decamethonium and succinylcholine, Acta Physiol. Scand. 34: 218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, U., 1966, Observations on the ganglion stimulating action of angiotensin and bradykinin, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 154: 418.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Udenfriend, S., 1969. Fluorescence Assay in Biology and Medicine, Vol. II, Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhey, B. A., and Voorhoeve, P. E., 1963, Activation of group IA and group II muscle spindle afferents by succinylcholine and other cholinergic drugs, Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Neerl. 12: 23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volle, R. L., 1966a, Muscarinic and nicotine stimulant actions at autonomic ganglia, in: International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sect. 12, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volle, R. L., 19666, Modification by drugs of synaptic mechanisms in autonomic ganglia, Pharmacol. Rev. 18: 839.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volle, R. L., 1969, Ganglionic transmission, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9: 135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volle, R. L., and Hancock, J. C., 1970, Transmission in sympathetic ganglia, Fed. Proc. 29: 1913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, K., and Domino, E. F., 1965, Nicotine-induced EEG and behavioural arousal, Internat. J. Neuropharmacol. 4: 359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England

    Ronald W. Ryall

Authors
  1. Ronald W. Ryall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Lance L. Simpson

  2. Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Lance L. Simpson

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    David R. Curtis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ryall, R.W. (1974). Nicotine. In: Simpson, L.L., Curtis, D.R. (eds) Poisons of Plant Origin. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2943-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2943-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2945-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2943-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation