Abstract
With the development of Cybernetics, Weiner (1948) showed that there was considerable potential in the application to the study of biological systems of techniques of analysis normally employed in the physical sciences. Within the broad range of physiological oscillations is a subgroup which occurs in physiological systems involved in homeostasis. Such systems have the potential for oscillatory behavior because their distributed nature allows the existence of significant time delays in reflex arcs. Physiological systems of this type can be considered as a number of different elements linked together, typically by neural pathways, to give the negative feedback necessary for homeostasis. Often such systems behave as spontaneous oscillators (Hyndman, Kitney and Sayers, 1971), the frequency of oscillation being determined by the characteristics of the system. A change in these characteristics can be considered to be equivalent to changing the setting of an oscillator so that it takes up a new and normally stable oscillatory mode. It is possible to envisage the human body as containing a number of systems which frequently oscillate. There is also evidence that biological systems which oscillate at frequencies higher than that consistent with the 24-hour day interact with each other, e.g. the interaction between the heart rate control and the respiration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akaike, H., 1969, Fitting autoregressive models for prediction, Ann. Inst. of Statis. Math., 21:243–247.
Angelone, A., and Coulter, N. A., 1964, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a frequency dependent phenomenon, J. Appl. Physiol., 19:479–482.
Bergland, G. D., 1969, A guided tour of the fast Fourier transforms, IEEE Spectrum, 6:41–52.
Bradley, G. W., Euler, C. von, Martilla, I., and Roos, B., 1975, Biol. Cybernetics, 19:105.
Brown, A. M., 1980, Receptors under pressure: an update on baroreceptros, Circ. Res., 46:1–10.
Burton, A. C., and Taylor, D., 1940, A study of the adjustment of peripheral vascular tone to the requirements of body temperature, Am. J. Physiol., 129:565–577.
Clynes, M., 1960, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: laws derived from computer simulation, J. Appl. Physiol., 15:863–874.
Davies, C. T. M., and Neilson, J. M. M., 1967, Sinus arrhythmia in man at rest, J. Appl. Physiol., 22:947–955.
Freyschuss, U., and Melcher, A., 1976, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in man: relation to cardiovascular pressures, Scand. J. Clin. Invest., 36:221–229.
Grodins, F., 1963, Control theory and biological systems, Columbia Univ. Press, NY.
Hayashi, C., 1964, Nonlinear oscillations in physical systems, McGraw Hill, New York.
Hayashi, C., Shibayama, H., and Nishikawa, Y., 1960, Frequency entrainment in a self-oscillatory system with external force, IRE Trans. CircuitTheory, 413–422.
Hatakegama, I., 1967, Analysis of the baroreceptor control of the circulation, in: “The Physical Basis of Circualtory Transport: Regulation and Exchange”, A. C. Guyton and E. B. Reeve, eds., Pub. Saunders.
Hirsh, J. A., and Bishop, B., 1981, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate, Am. J. Physiol., 241: H620–629.
Hyndman, B. W., Kitney, R. I., and Sayers, B. McA., 1971, Spontaneous rhythms in physiological control systems, Nature, 233:339–341.
Kay, S. M., 1979, The effects of noise on the autoregressive spectral estimator, IEEE Trans. ASSP., 5:478–485.
Kircheim, H. R., 1976, Baroreceptor reflexes, Physiol. Rev., 56:100–176.
Kitney, R. I., 1974, The analysis and simulation of the human thermoregulator control system, Medical & Biological Engineering, Jan. 57–65.
Kitney, R. I., 1975, An analysis of the nonlinear behavior of the human thermal control system, J. Theoretical Biol., 52:231–248.
Kitney, R. I., 1979, A nonlinear model for studying oscillations in theblood pressure control system, J. Biomedical Engineering, 1:89–99.
Kitney, R. I., and Giddens, D. P., 1982, Extraction and characterization of underlying velocity waveforms in post stenotic flow, IEE Proc., 129:651–662.
Kitney, R. I., Linkens, D. A., Selman, A. C., and McDonald, A. H., 1982, The interaction between heart rate and respiration: Part 2 — nonlinear analysis on computer modelling, Automedica, 4:141–153.
Levison, W. H., Barnet, G. O., and Jackson, W. D., 1966, Nonlinear analysis of baroreceptor reflex system, Circ. Res., 18:673.
Linkens, D. A., 1977, The stability of entrainment conditions for RLC coupled van der Pol Oscillators used as a model for intestinal electrical rhythms, Bull. Math. Biol., 39:359–372.
Melcher, A., 1980, Carotid baroreflex heart rate control during the active and the assisted breathing cycle in man, Acta. Physiol. Scand., 108:165–171.
Minorsky, N., 1962, Nonlinear Oscillations, Van Nostrand, London and New York.
Ninomiya, I., Nisimaru, N., and Irisawa, H., 1971, Sympathetic nerve activity to the spleen, kidney and heart in response to baroreceptor input, Am. J. Physiol., 221:1346–1351.
Rosenbaum, M., and Rice, D., 1968, Frequency response characteristics of the vascular resistance vessels, Am. J. Physiol., 315:1397.
Scher, A. M., and Young, A. C., 1970, Reflex carotid sinus regulation of heart rate unanaesthetized dogs, Am. J. Physiol., 218:780–789.
Selman, A. C., McDonald, A. H., Kitney, R. I., and Linkens, D. A., 1982, The interaction between heart rate and respiration: Part 1 — Experimental studies in man, Automedica, 4:131–139.
Spickler, J. W., Kezdi, P., and Geller, E., 1967, Transfer characteristics of the carotid sinus pressure control system, in: “Baroreceptors and Hypertension”, P. Kedzi, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Torre, V., 1975, Synchronization of nonlinear biochemical oscillators coupled by diffusion, Biol. Cybernetics, 17:137–144.
Ulrych, T. J., 1972, Maximum entropy power spectrum of truncated sinusoids, J. Geophys. Res., 77:1396–1400.
Ulrych, T. F., and Bishop, T. N., 1975, Maximum entropy spectral analysis and autoregressive decomposition, Rev. Geophys. and Space Physics., 13:138–300.
Weiner, N., 1948, Cybernetics, J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
Wever, R., 1965, in: “Circadian Clocks”, J. Aschoff, ed., North Holland, Amsterdam.
Winfree, A. T., 1980, The geometry of biological time, Van Nostrand, Amsterdam.
Womack, B. F., 1971, The analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia using spectral analysis methods, IEEE Trans. Bio-med Eng., BME-18 162:399–409.
Ypres, D. L., Clapham, D. E., and De Haan, R. L., 1979, Development of electrical coupling and action potential synchrony between paired aggregates of embryonic heart cells, Membrane Biol., 51:75–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kitney, R.I. (1986). Heart Rate Variability in Normal Adults. In: Grossman, P., Janssen, K.H.L., Vaitl, D. (eds) Cardiorespiratory and Cardiosomatic Psychophysiology. NATO ASI Series, vol 114. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0360-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0360-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0362-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0360-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive