Abstract
In dramatic contrast to some areas of the world where cardiovascular disease is nearly nonexistant, as exemplified by the Massai tribe in Kenya, the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease has, until very recently, experienced a spiraling increase in populations in the Western world. In the United States, about 650,000 persons succumb to death from coronary heart disease annually, and rates of new and recurrent myocardial infarctions per year have been estimated to be approximately 1 million based on data from the National Health Survey and the Framingham Heart Study. There currently appears to be a new trend toward a decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease that has probably resulted from a combination of factors, including an increased public awareness of risk factors that have been shown to result in the development of the disease; reduction of some or as many as possible of these risk factors with accompanying modification of life-style (e.g., cessation of smoking); earlier detection and improved treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity; rapid advances in pharmacology that have resulted in important new drugs that have drastically improved the efficacy and safety of medical management of coronary artery disease; rapid advancement and achievement in surgical techniques to palliatively correct the anatomical and physiological pathology; and scientific advances that have served to augment the overall success of the surgery in terms of myocardial preservation, cerebral protection, and reduction in operative mortality and postoperative morbidity. The effects on survival of recent, encouraging short-term success with a less invasive new procedure—percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty—are as yet unknown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aberg, T., & Kihlgren, M. (1977). Cerebral protection during open-heart surgery. Thorax, 32, 525–533.
Abram, H. S. (1965). Adaptation to open heart surgery: A psychiatric study of response to the threat of death. American Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 659–667.
Abram, H. S. (1967). Psychological aspects of surgery. Boston: Little, Brown.
Allardyce, D. B., Yoshida, S. H., & Ashmore, P. G. (1966). The importance of microembolism in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction caused by prolonged use of the pump oxygenator. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 52, 706–715.
Ashmore, P. G., Svitek, V., & Ambrose, P. (1968). The incidence and effects of particulate aggregation and microembolism in pump oxygenator systems. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 55, 691–697.
Blachly, P. H. (1967). Open-heart surgery: Physiological variables of mental functioning. International Psychiatry Clinics, 4, 133–135.
Blachly, P. H., & Starr, A. (1964). Post-cardiotomy delirium. American Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 371–375.
Branthwaite, M. A. (1975). Prevention of neurologic damage during open-heart surgery. Thorax, 30, 258–261.
Brierley, J. B. (1964). Cerebral injury following cardiac operations. The Lancet, 1, 175–176.
Chatham, M. A. (1978). The effect of family involvement on patients’ manifestations of postcardiotomy psychosis. Heart and Lung, 7, 995–999.
Coons, R. E., Keats, A. S., & Cooley, D. A. (1959). Significance of electroencephalographic changes occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology, 20, 804–810.
Egerton, N., & Kay, J. H. (1964). Psychological disturbances with open heart surgery. British Journal of Psychiatry, 110, 433–439.
Egerton, N., Egerton, M. B., & Kay, J. H. (1963). Neurologic changes following profound hypothermia. Annals of Surgery, 157, 366–374.
Engel, G. L., & Romano, J. (1959). Delirium, a syndrome of cerebral insufficiency. Journal of Chronic Disease, 9, 260–277.
Fischer-Williams, M., & Cooper, R. A. (1964). Some aspects of electroencephalographic changes during open-heart surgery. Neurology, 14, 472–482.
Fox, H. M., Rizzo, N. D., & Gifford, S. (1954). Psychological observations of patients undergoing mitral surgery: A study of stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 16, 186–208.
Frank, K. A., Heller, S. S., Kornfeld, D. S., & Malm, J. R. (1972). Long-term effects of open-heart surgery on intellectual functioning. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 64, 811–815.
Freeman, A. M., Folks, D. G., Sokol, R. S., Govier, A. V., Reeves, J. G., Fleece, E. L., Hall, K. R., Zorn, G. L., & Karp, R. B. (1985). Cognitive function after coronary bypass surgery: Effect of decreased cerebral blood flow. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 110–112.
Gilberstadt, H., & Sako, Y. (1967). Intellectual and personality changes following open-heart surgery. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 210–214.
Gilman, S. (1965). Cerebral disorders after open-heart operations. New England Journal of Medicine, 272, 489–498.
Gonzalez-Scarano, F., & Hurtig, H. (1981). Neurologic complications of coronary artery bypass grafting: Case-control study. Neurology, 31, 1032–1035.
Greenspan, B., Bannett, A. D., & Pressman, M. D. (1960). Psychiatric problems in surgical practice. Journal of The Albert Einstein Medical Center, 8, 16–20.
Hackett, T. P., & Weisman, A. D. (1960). Psychiatric management of operative syndromes: The therapeutic consultation and the effect of noninterpretive intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 22, 267–282.
Heller, S. S., Frank, K. A., Malm, J. R., Bowman, F. O., Harris, P. D., Charlton, M. H., & Kornfeld, D. S. (1970). Psychiatric complications of open-heart surgery. A re-examination. New England Journal of Medicine, 283, 1015–1020.
Hill, J. D., Aguilar, M. J., Baranco, A., Lanerolle, P., & Gerbode, F. (1969). Neuropathological manifestations of cardiac surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 7, 409–419.
Kimball, C. P. (1969). Psychological responses to the experience of open heart surgery: I. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 96–107.
Kimball, C. P., Quinlan, D., Osborne, F., & Woodward, B. (1973). The experience of cardiac surgery. Psychotherapy and Psychosomantics, 22, 310–319.
Knox, S. J. (1961). Severe psychiatric disturbances in the post-operative period: A five-year survey of Belfast hospitals. Journal of Mental Science, 107, 1078–1096.
Knox, S. J. (1963). Psychiatric aspects of mitral valvotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 109, 656–668.
Kornfeld, D. S., Heller, S. S., Frank, K. A., Edie, R. N., & Barsa, J. (1978). Delirium after coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 76, 93–96.
Kornfeld, D. S., Zimberg, S., & Malm, J. R. (1965). Psychiatric complications of open-heart surgery. New England Journal of Medicine, 273, 287–292.
Lee, W. H., Miller, W., Rowe, J., Hairston, P., & Brody, M. P. (1969). Effects of extracorporeal circulation on personality and cerebration. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 7, 562–570.
Lipowski, Z. J. (1983). Psychosocial reactions to physical illness. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 128, 1069–1072.
Longmore, D. (1982). The effects of prostacyclin on reducing cerebral damage following open-heart surgery. In R. Becker, J. Katz, M-J. Polonius, & H. Speidel (Eds.), Psychopathological and neurological dysfunctions following open-heart surgery (pp. 320–342 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.
Matarazzo, R. G., Bristow, D., & Reaume, R. (1963). Medical factors relevant to psychological reactions in mitral valve disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 137, 380–388.
Meyer, B. C., Blacher, R. S., & Brown, F. (1961). A clinical study of psychiatric and psychological aspects of mitral surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 23, 194–218.
Möhlen, K., Davies-Osterkamp, S., Müller, H., Scheid, H. H., & Siefen, G. (1982). Relationship between preoperative coping styles, immediate postoperative reactions and some aspects of the psychosocial situation of open-heart surgery patients one year after operation. In R. Becker, J. Katz, M-J. Polonius, & H. Speidel (Eds.), Psychopathological and neurological dysfunctions following open-heart surgery (pp. 232–237 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.
Nussmeier, N. A., Arlund, C., & Slogoff, S. (1986). Neuropsychiatric complications after cardiopulmonary bypass: Cerebral protection by a barbiturate. Anesthesiology, 64, 165–170.
Priest, W. S., Zaks, M. S., Yacorzynski, G. K., & Boshes, B. (1957). The neurologic, psychiatric, and psychological aspects of cardiac surgery. Medical Clinics of North America, 41, 155–169.
Rabiner, C. J., & Willner, A. E. (1980). Differential psychopathological and organic mental disorder at follow-up five years after coronary bypass and cardiac valvular surgery. In H. Speidel, & G. Rodewald (Eds.), Psychic and neurological dysfunctions after open-heart surgery (pp. 237–249 ). Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag.
Raymond, M., Conklin, C., Schaeffer, J., Newstadt, G., Matloff, J. M., & Gray, R. J. (1984). Coping with transient intellectual dysfunction after coronary bypass surgery. Heart and Lung, 13, 531–539.
Ropper, A. H., & Martin, J. B. (1983). Coma and other disorders of consciousness. In R. Petersdorf, R. Adams, E. Braunwald, K. Isselbacher, J. Marton, & J. Wilson (Eds.), Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, Tenth Edition (pp. 124–131 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sachdev, N. S., Carter, C. C., Swank, R. L., & Blachly, P. H. (1967). Relationship between postcardiotomy delirium, clinical neurological changes, and EEG abnormalities. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 54, 557–563.
Savageau, J. A., Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., & Frater, R. M. (1982). Neuropsychological dysfunction following elective cardiac operation. II. A six month reassessment. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 84, 595–600.
Savageau, J. A., Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., & Klein, M. D. (1982). Neuropsychological dysfunction following elective cardiac operation. I. Early assessment. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 84, 585–594.
Spehr, W., & Götze, P. (1982). Computerized electroencephalogram in open-heart surgery: Prediction of postoperative psychical complications. In R. Becker, J. Katz, M-J. Polonius, & H. Speidel (Eds.), Psychopathological and neurological dysfunctions following open-heart surgery (pp. 119–124 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.
Stanton, B. A., Zyzanski, S. J., Jenkins, C. D., & Klein, M. D. (1982). Recovery after major heart surgery: Medical, psychological, and work outcomes. In R. Becker, J. Katz, M-J. Polonius, & H. Speidel (Eds.), Psychopathological and neurological dysfunctions following open-heart surgery (pp. 217–225 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.
Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., Denlinger, P., Savageau, J. A., Weintraub, R. M., & Goldstein, R. L. (1983). Predictors of employment status after cardiac surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association, 249, 907–911.
Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., Savageau, J. A., Harken, D. E., & Aucoin, R. (1984). Perceived adequacy of patient education and fears and adjustments after cardiac surgery. Heart and Lung, 13, 525–531.
Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., Savageau, J. A., & Thurer, R. L. (1984). Functional benefits following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 37, 286–290.
Stanton, B. A., Jenkins, C. D., Goldstein, R. L., Vander Salm, T. J., Klein, M. D., & Aucoin, R. A. (1985). Hospital readmissions among survivors six months after myocardial revascularization. Journal of the American Medical Association, 253, 3568–3573.
Tienari, P., Outakoski, J., Hirvenoja, R., Juolasmaa, A., Takkunen, I., & Kampman, R. (1982). Psychiatric complications following open-heart surgery: A prospective study. In R. Becker, J. Katz, M-J. Polonius, & H. Speidel (Eds.), Psychopathological and neurological dysfunctions following open-heart surgery (pp. 48–53 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag.
Tufo, H. M., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1968). A prospective study of open-heart surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 30, 552–553.
Tufo, H. M., Ostfeld, A. M., & Shekelle, R. (1970). Central nervous system dysfunction following open-heart surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association, 212, 1333–1340.
Zaks, M. S. (1959). Disturbances in psychological functions and neuropsychiatric complications in heart surgery. A four-year follow-up study. Cardiology. An encyclopedia of the cardiovascular system. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zapolanski, A., Loop, F. D., Estafanous, F. G., & Sheldon, W. C. (1983). Myocardial revascularization at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation-1981. Cleveland Clinic Quarterly, 50, 2–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stanton, B.A. (1988). Neurological, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Sequelae Associated with the Surgical Management of Cardiac Disease. In: Tarter, R.E., Van Thiel, D.H., Edwards, K.L. (eds) Medical Neuropsychology. Critical Issues in Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1165-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1165-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1167-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1165-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive