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Trace Element Deficiencies in Man

  • Chapter
Advances in Nutritional Research

Abstract

Trace elements have had a role, albeit an unwitting one, in medicine since the ancient Egyptians used calamine (a zinc preparation) for skin disorders and the Greeks used burnt sponges to treat goiter. However, it is only in the last 50 years that the nutritional importance of trace elements has been recognized. The list of elements known to be essential for mammals now includes zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, vanadium, nickel, and silicon; fluorine, tin, and arsenic may also be essential. Of these 14 elements, at present there are only 3 with well-recognized human deficiency syndromes—copper, zinc, and iodine, which are all relatively abundant and easy to measure in biological specimens. There is evidence that poor chromium nutrition may also be widespread, but analytical difficulties make interpretation of data difficult. Deficiencies of selenium, manganese, and cobalt are of economic importance in animal husbandry but do not appear to be a problem in normal human nutrition (except selenium in some geographical areas). Nutritional iodine deficiency is a recognized problem in some areas of the world and is the object of many public health projects. This topic has been well documented (National Research Council, 1970; Wayne et al., 1964) and will not be included in this review. Of the other elements, overt deficiencies have only been seen in the carefully controlled laboratory environment (Schwarz, 1974).

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Clare E. Casey & K. Michael Hambidge

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  1. Clare E. Casey
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  1. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Harold H. Draper

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Casey, C.E., Hambidge, K.M. (1980). Trace Element Deficiencies in Man. In: Draper, H.H. (eds) Advances in Nutritional Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4448-4_2

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