Abstract
Criminals are understandably anxious to avoid publicizing their activities. The secrecy inherent in the criminal profession makes it very difficult to characterize criminal activity: We are forced to rely either on sketchy official records or on the questionably valid confessions of admitted offenders. The threats to validity of official records are well known.
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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Spelman, W. (1994). Validity. In: Criminal Incapacitation. The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4885-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4885-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3230-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4885-7
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