Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFTs) are secretions of both Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus (Nesbit et al., 1962), two fungi, which can grow upon economically-important crop plants (Wogan, 1964). These secretions are bifuranocoumarins belonging to the family of compounds know as mycotoxins. Of interest from this group are the aflatoxins (AFTs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The AFTs are heptocarcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Perhaps, the most widely studied aspect of the AFTs is their carcinogenic property but only a few investigators have concerned themselves with preventing AFT-induced heptocarcinogenesis. For example, Novi (1981) reported that glutathione can alter the development of AFB1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. One under-explored prevention possibility involves the employment of trace elements, e.o., copper, manganese, and zinc as potential protectors against aflatoxicosis. Several studies regarding this topic have emanated from a single laboratory (Kimbrough et al., 1981; Lalor and Llewellyn, 1981; Llewellyn et al., 1980; 1981; 1983; 1985; Weekley et al., 1981). Both comprehensive (Llewellyn et al., 1982) and critical (Llewellyn et al., 1984) reviews evaluating studies regarding trace element-induced protection against aflatoxicosis have appeared.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barber, R.S., Braude, R., Mitchell, K.G., Harding, J.D., Lewis, G. and Loonsmore, R. M. (1968). The effects of feeding toxic groundnut meal to growing pigs and its interaction with high copper diets. Brit. J. Nutr. 22: 535.
Bertino, J.R. (1979). Nutrients, vitamins and minerals as therapy. Cancer. 43: 2137.
Carlton, W.M. and Price, P.S. (1967). Dietary copper and the induction of neoplasms in the rat by acetylaminofluorene and dimethylnitrosamine. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 2:827.
Drake, E.N. and Sky-Peck, H.H. (1989). Discriminant analysis of trace element distribution in normal and malignant human tissues. Cancer Res. 49: 4210.
Fare, G. and Howell, J.S. (1964). The effect of dietary copper on rat carcinogenesisby 3-methoxy dyes. I. Tumors induced at various sites by feeding 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene and its N-methyl derivative. Cancer Res. 24: 1279.
Goodall, C.M. (1964). Failure of copper to inhibit carcinogenesis by 2-aminofluorene. Br. J. Cancer. 18: 777.
Horwitz, W., Sensel, A., and Reynolds, H. (1975a). Natural poisons. In:
Official Methods of Analysis p. 465. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. Soc.
Horwitz, W., Sensel, A., and Reynolds, H. (1975). Metal analyses. In: Official Methods of Analysis p. 18. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. Soc.
Kamamoto, Y., Makiura, S., Hiasa, Y., Arai, M., and Nobuyuki, I. (1973). The inhibitory effect of copper on DL-ethionine carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 23: 1129.
Kimbrough, T.D., Weekley, L.B., Lawson, C.J., O’Rear, C.E. and Llewellyn, G.C. (1981). Mycotoxin and copper induced gastrointestinal disturbances in male Holtzman rats. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 22: 771.
Lalor, J.H. and Llewellyn, G.C. (1981). Biointeraction of sodium selenite and of aflatoxin B1 in the Mongolian gerbil. J. Toxicol. Envir. Health. 8:387.
Llewellyn, G.C., Carlton, W.W., Robbers, J.E., and Hansen, W.G. (1973). A rapid and simplified method for the preparation of pure aflatoxin B1. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 14:325.
Llewellyn, G.C., Hastings, C.E., and Hoffman, J.W. (1980). Biointeraction of aflatoxin and zinc in Mongolian gerbils. Meriones unguiculatus. Toxicon. 18:107.
Llewellyn, G.C., Thomen, L.E., and Katzen, J.S. (1981). Effects of dietary copper on developing aflatoxicosis in Syrian hamsters. J. Envir. Sci. Health. B16: 211.
Llewellyn, G.C., (1982). Biointeraction of aflatoxins and metals. A review. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 27: 237.
Llewellyn, G.C., O’Rear, C.E,. and Dashek, W.V. (1984). Do dietary trace elements reverse aflatoxicosis in selected rodents? Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 23: 779.
Llewellyn, G.C., Morgan, J.D., and Dashek, W.V. (1985). Evaluation of the response of Syrian hamsters exposed to copper acetate and mixed aflatoxin diets. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Plant Pathology and the 22nd World Veterinary Congress, Sydney, Australia. Chapt. 43, pp. 469–485.
Luft, J.H. (1961). Improvements in Epoxy resin embedding methods. J. Biophy. Biochem. Cytology. 9:409.
Mainigi, K.D. and Campbell, T.C. (1981). Effects of low dietary protein and dietary aflatoxin on hepatic glutathione levels in F-344 rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 59:196.
Marczynski, B. (1988). Carcinogenesis as the result of the deficiency of some essential trace elements. Med. Hypotheses. 26:239.
Nesbitt, B.F., O’Kelly, J., Sargeant, K., and Sheridan, A. (1962). Toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus. Nature. 195:106.
Novi, A.M. (1981). Regression of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by reduced glutathione. Science. 212: 421.
Sabatini, D.D., Bensch, K., and Barrnett, R.J. (1963). Cytochemistry and electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17: 19.
Samarajeewa, U. (1972). Aflatoxins in coconut products. Ceylon Coconut Quart. 23: 108.
Schrauzer, G.N., White, D.A., and Schneider, C.J. (1977). Cancer mortality correlation studies - IV: association with dietary intakes and blood levels of certain trace elements, notably Se-antagonists. Bioinorg. Chem. 7:35.
Schwartz, M.K. (1975). Role of trace elements in cancer. Cancer Res. 35: 3481.
Shotwell, O.L., Hesseltine, C.W., Stubblefield, R.D., and Sorenson, W.D. (1966). Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl. Microbiol. 14:425.
Svoboda, D. and Reddy, J. (1975). Some effects of chemical carcinogens on cell organelles. In: Cancer. A comprehensive Treatise. I. Etiology and Physical Carcinogenesis ( F.F. Becker, Eds.), Plenum Press, NY.
Taylor, A. (1985). Therapeutic uses of trace elements. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 14:703.
Underwood, E.J. (1979). Trace elements and health: an overview. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 288: 5.
Weekley, L.G., Kimbrough, T.D., and Llewellyn, G.C. (1981). Dietary aflatoxin and cooper acetate effects on various blood parameters in rats. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 4:113.
Watson, R.R. (1986). Immunological enhancement by fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and trace metals: a factor in cancer prevention. Cancer Detect. Prey. 9:67.
Wogan, G.N. (1964). Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Llewellyn, G.C., Floyd, B.A., Knight, R.L., Dashek, W.V. (1994). Ultrastructural Analysis of Whether Dietary Manganese Protects Against Aflatoxin-Induced Liver Damage in Rats. In: Llewellyn, G.C., Dashek, W.V., O’Rear, C.E. (eds) Mycotoxins, Wood Decay, Plant Stress, Biocorrosion, and General Biodeterioration. Biodeterioration Research, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9450-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9450-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9452-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9450-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive