Abstract
Logs and lumber decrease in value due to fungi that stain wood as well as from fungi that cause decay. Sapwood within a living tree is subject to a number of discoloring or staining processes involved with tree defense and fungal infection (Shortle, 1984). Although the use of color to typify wood tissues can result in confusion (Shigo, 1986), changes in color are indicative of distinct metabolic processes that once located may then be more precisely characterized. Sap stains are sapwood tissues altered in color due to fungal activity and may occur in the standing tree, cut lumber, or manufactured product (Scheffer and Lindgren, 1940). The sapstreak disease of sugar maple results in a sap stain in the tree that persists in the wood product. Although wood strength is not affected by sapstreak, the stain lowers the commercial value of affected lumber (Ohman and Spike, 1966).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bakshi, B.K. (1950). Fungi associated with ambrosia beetles in Great Britain. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 33, 111–120.
Bakshi, B.K. (1951). Studies on four species of Ceratocystis, with a discussion on fungi causing sap-stain in Britain. Mycological Paper, 35, 16 pp.
Davidson, R.W. (1944). Two American hardwood species of Endoconidiophora described as new. Mycologia, 36, 300–306.
Engalichev, N. (1989). New Hampshire Forest Research Market Report. N.H. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pub., 11, 26 pp.
Harrington, T.C. (1987). New combinations in Ophiostoma of Ceratocystis species with Leptographium anamorphs. Mycotaxon, 28, 39–43.
Hepting, G.H. (1944). Sapstreak, a new killing disease of sugar maple. Phytopathology, 34, 1069–1076.
Houston, D.R. (1985). Sapstreak disease of sugar maple: How serious is it?. Maple Syrup Digest, 25, 24–27.
Houston, D.R. (1986). Sapstreak of sugar maple: appearance of lumber from diseased trees and longevity of Ceratocystis coerulescens in air-dried lumber. Phytopathology, 76, 653. (Abstract).
Houston, D.R. and Fisher, K.D. (1964). Sapstreak disease of sugar maple found in the Northeast. Plant Dis. Rep., 48, 788.
Houston, D.R. and Schneider, B.S. (1982). Sapstreak disease of sugar maple in NY sugarbushes. Phytopathology, 72, 262. (Abstract).
Kessler, K.J., Jr. and Anderson, R.L. (1960). Ceratocystis coerulescens on sugar maple in the Lake States. Plant Dis. Rep., 44, 348–350.
Lockard, C.R., Putnam, J.A., and Carpenter, R.D. (1963). Grade defects in hardwood timber and logs. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handbk. No. 144.
Moreau, C. (1952). Coexistence des formes Thielaviopsis et Graphium chez une souche de Ceratocystis major (van Beyma) nov. comb. Remarques sur les variations des Ceratocystis. Rev. de Mycol. Suppl. Col. 17:17–25.
Ohman, J.H. and Kessler, K.J., Jr. (1963). Current status of the sapstreak disease of sugar maples in the Lake States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv. Res. Note LS-10, 4 pp.
Ohman, J.H. and Spike, A.B. (1966). Effect of staining caused by sapstreak disease on sugar maple log and lumber values. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv. Res. Note NC-12, 4 pp.
Roth, E.R., Hepting, G.H., and Toole, E.R. (1959). Sapstreak disease of sugar maple and yellow-poplar in North Carolina. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv. Res. Note SE-134, 2 pp.
Scheffer, T.C. and Lindgren, R.M. (1940). Stains of sapwood and sapwood products and their control. U.S. Pep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 714, 124 pp.
Shevenell, B.J. and Shortle, W.C. (1986). An ion profile of wounded red maple. Phytopathology, 76, 132–135.
Shigo, A.L. (1962). Observations on the succession of fungi on hardwood pulpwood bolts. Plant Dis. Rep., 46, 379–380.
Shigo, A.L. (1984). Compartmentalization: a conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology, 22, 189–214.
Shigo, A.L. (1986). A New Tree Biology. Shigo and Trees, Assoc., Durham, NH, USA. 595 pp.
Shigo, A.L. and Sharon, E.M. (1968). Mapping columns of discolored and decayed tissues in sugar maple, Acer saccharum. Phytopathology, 58, 1493–1498.
Shortle, W.C. (1984). Biochemical mechanisms of discolouration, decay, and compartmentalisation of decay in trees. Int. Assoc. Wood Anatom. Bull. n.s., 5, 100–104.
Smith, K.T. and Shortle, W.C. (1988). Electrical resistance and wood decay by white rot fungi. Mycologia, 85, 124–126.
Tattar, T.A., Shigo, A.L., and Chase, T. (1972). Relationship between the degree of resistance to a pulsed electric current and wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay in living trees. Canad. J. Forest Res., 2, 236–243.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, K.T. (1990). Sapstreak Disease and Biodeterioration of Sugar Maple. In: Llewellyn, G.C., O’Rear, C.E. (eds) Biodeterioration Research. Biodeterioration Research, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9453-3_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9453-3_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9455-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9453-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive