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Neuronal Plasticity in Development: Lessons from Ethanol Neurotoxicity during Embryogenesis

  • Chapter
Brain Plasticity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 429))

Abstract

Conceptually, it can be said that development of the embryonic central nervous system begins with a population of undifferentiated, multipotent cells and ends up with a highly organized arrangement of mature neurons each of which expresses a functional neurotransmitter phenotype. This ultimate, functional phenotype is a product of the interaction of numerous influences impinging on multipotential neuroblasts. Physical factors such as cell-cell contacts, migratory pathways and a plethora of soluble factors all profoundly influence establishment of neuronal phenotype during neuroembryogenesis. For example, definitive studies by LeDouarin and coworkers beginning in the early 1970’s (Le Douarin, 1973; 1980; Le Douarin and Teillet, 1974; Le Douarin et al, 1975; Le Douarin and Smith, 1988; Teillet and Le Douarin, 1983) demonstrated in vivo that neuronal phenotypes are neither rigidly predetermined nor static. They found that the migratory destination of autonomic neuroblasts of neural crest origin determines their ultimate neurotransmitter phenotype. Furthermore, they demonstrated that exposure of neural crest-derived presumptive adrenergic neuroblasts to cells from another germ cell layer, splanchnic mesoderm, results in a phenotypic shift to fully differentiatied cholinergie neurons (Le Douarin et al, 1975). Collectively, these studies have introduced the idea of neuronal plasticity in the developing brain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA

    Susan Kentroti

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  1. Susan Kentroti
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Guido Filogamo

  2. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Antonia Vernadakis

  3. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Fulvia Gremo

  4. Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France

    Alain M. Privat

  5. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

    Paola S. Timiras

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Kentroti, S. (1997). Neuronal Plasticity in Development: Lessons from Ethanol Neurotoxicity during Embryogenesis. In: Filogamo, G., Vernadakis, A., Gremo, F., Privat, A.M., Timiras, P.S. (eds) Brain Plasticity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 429. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9551-6_2

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