Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Cerebral Cortex ((CECO,volume 8A))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the pallium (telencephalic roof) of anuran amphibians. It includes descriptions of normal and connectional anatomy based almost entirely on data from ranid frogs, and also offers comparisons with the pallium in reptiles. Only a brief discussion of pallial fields and connections in urodeles is undertaken, largely because of the paucity of new information appearing since the last major review of the amphibian telencephalon (Northcutt and Kicliter, 1980). For much the same reason, no discussion of the pallium in apodans is presented. A description of their pallial areas and references to earlier literature can be found in Northcutt and Kicliter (1980).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ariëns Kappers, C. U., Huber, G. C., and Crosby, E. C., 1936, The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man, reprinted 1960, Hafner, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaban, C. D., and Ulinski, P. S., 1981, Organization of thalamic afferents to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in turtles. I. Projections of thalamic nuclei, J. Comp. Neurol. 200:95–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belekhova, M. G., 1979, Neurophysiology of the forebrain, in: Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 10 (C. Gans, R. G. Northcutt, and P. Ulinski, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 287–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, L. L., 1982, Organization and evolution of the reptilian forebrain: Experimental studies of forebrain connections in lizards, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anatomy, Georgetown University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, L. L., and Butler, A. B., 1984a, Telencephalic connections in lizards. II. Projections to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, J. Comp. Neurol. 229:602–615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, L. L., and Butler, A. B., 1984b, Telencephalic connections in lizards. I. Projections to cortex, J. Comp. Neurol. 229:585–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, A. B., 1976, Telencephalon of the lizard Gekko gecko (Linnaeus): Some connections of the cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge, Brain Behav. Evol. 13:396–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clairambault, P., and Derer, P., 1968, Contributions à l’étude architectonique du Télencéphale des Ranidés, J. Hirnforsch. 10:123–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comer, C., and Grobstein, P., 1981, Organization of sensory inputs to the midbrain of the frog, Rana pipiens, J. Comp. Physiol. 142:161–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desan, P. H., 1984, The organization of the cerebral cortex of the pond turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. A., Foster, R. E., Ebner, F. F., and Hall, W. C., 1977, Visual cortex in a reptile, the turtle (Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta), Brain Res. 130:197–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. C., and Feng, A. S., 1987, Evidence for parallel processing the frog’s auditory thalamus, J. Comp. Neurol. 258:407–419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, M., 1972, Some connections of the telencephalon of the frog, Rana pipiens, Brain Behav. Evol. 6:42–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, M., 1976, The efferent connections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb in the snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis and Thamnophis radix, J. Morphol. 150:553–578.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, M., 1980, The telencephalon of snakes, in: Comparative Neurology of the Telencephalon (S. O. E. Ebbesson, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 257–295.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, M., Scalia, F., and Riss, W., 1968, On the nature of the hippocampal commissure in the frog, Brain Behav. Evol. 1:155–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heimer, L., 1969, The secondary olfactory connections in mammals, reptiles, and sharks, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167:129–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heller, S. B., and Ulinski, P. S., 1987, Morphology of geniculocortical axons in turtles of the genera Pseudemys and Chrysemys, Anat. Embryol. 175:505–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrick, C. J., 1927, The amphibian forebrain. IV. The cerebral hemispheres of Amblystoma, J. Comp. Neurol. 43:231–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrick, C. J., 1933, The amphibian forebrain. VI. Necturus, J. Comp. Neurol. 58:1–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, H. H., 1963, The olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, and hemisphere of some anurans, J. Comp. Neurol. 120:317–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, H. H., 1966, The structure of the forebrain of Bufo marinus, Ala. J. Med. Sci. 3:286–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogland, P. V., 1981, Spinothalamic projections in a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus: An HRP study, J. Comp. Neurol. 198:7–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogland, P. V., 1982, Brainstem afferents to the thalamus in a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus, J. Comp. Neurol. 210:152–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, E. M., and Hoffman, H. H., 1966, The forebrain of Hyla cinerea, Ala. J. Med. Sci. 3:270–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inagaki, S., Shiosaka, S., Takatsuki, K., Sakanaka, M., Tagaki, H., Senba, E., Matsuzaki, T., and Tohyama, M., 1981, Distribution of somatostatin in the frog brain, Rana catesbeiana, in relation to location of catecholamine-containing neuron system, J. Comp. Neurol. 202:89–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karamian, A. I., Vesselkin, N. P., Belekhova, M. G., and Zagorulko, T. M., 1966, Electrophysiological characteristics of tectal and thalamo-cortical divisions of the visual system in lower vertebrates, J. Comp. Neurol 127:559–576.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kicliter, E., 1979, Some telencephalic connections in the frog, Rana pipiens, J. Comp. Neurol. 185:75–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kicliter, E., and Ebbesson, S. O. E., 1975, Organization of the “nonolfactory” telencephalon, in: Frog Neurobiology (R. Llinás and W. Precht, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 946–972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kicliter, E., and Northcutt, R. G., 1975, Ascending afferents to the telencephalon of ranid frogs: An anterograde degeneration study, J. Comp. Neurol. 161:239–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokoros, J. J., 1973, Efferent projections of the telencephalon in the toad (Bufo marinus) and tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokoros, J. J., and Northcutt, R. G., 1977, Telencephalic efferents of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (Green), J. Comp. Neurol. 173:613–628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kratskin, I. L., and Ragimova, N. G., 1985, Origin of the main olfactory bulb centrifugal innervation in the frog, Rana temporaria: Combined histochemical investigation, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 282:747–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlenbeck, H., 1921a, Zur Histologie des Anurenpalliums, Anat. Anz. 54:280–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlenbeck, H., 1921b, Die Regionen des Anurenvorderhirns, Anat. Anz. 54:304–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohman, A. H. M., and Mentink, G. M., 1972, Some cortical connections of the tegu lizard (Tupinambis teguxin), Brain Res. 45:325–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohman, A. H. M., and van Woerden-Verkley, I., 1976, Further studies on the cortical connections of the tegu lizard, Brain Res. 103:9–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohman, A. H. M., and van Woerden-Verkley, I., 1978, Ascending connections to the forebrain in the tegu lizard, J. Comp. Neurol. 182:555–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudry, K. M., and Capranica, R. R., 1980, Evoked auditory activity within the telencephalon of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), Brain Res. 182:303–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1982, Forebrain projections to the obex region in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Abstr. 8:765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1983, A caudal striatal division in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Abstr. 9:1064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1984a, Anterior thalamic nucleus projections to the dorsal pallium in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Lett. 51:213–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1984b, A lectin-peroxidase study of hypothalamic afferents in ranid frogs, Anat. Rec. 208:125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1987, Ascending projections of the torus semicircularis in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Abstr. 13:305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., 1988, Forebrain auditory pathways in ranid frogs, in: The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System (B. Fritzsch, T. Hetherington, M. Ryan, W. Wolkowiak, and W. Wilczynski, eds.), Wiley, New York, pp. 233–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Northcutt, R. G., 1983, Nuclear organization of the bullfrog diencephalon, J. Comp. Neurol. 213:262–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Wilczynski, W., 1977a, Autoradiographic demonstration of hypothalamic efferents in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, Anat. Rec. 187:665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Wilczynski, W., 1977b, Ascending thalamic projections from the obex region in ranid frogs, Brain Res. 138:529–533.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Wilczynski, W., 1979, Anterior and posterior thalamic afferents in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, Neurosci. Abstr. 5:144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Wilczynski, W., 1980, Descending inputs to the optic tectum in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Abstr. 6:629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary, T. J., and Wilczynski, W., 1986, Auditory pathways to the hypothalamus in ranid frogs, Neurosci. Lett. 71:142–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikundiwe, A. M., de Boer-van Huizen, R., and ten Donkelaar, H. J., 1982, Dorsal root projections in the clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) as demonstrated by anterograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase, Neuroscience 7:2089–2103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., 1970a, Palliai projection of sciatic, ulnar, and mandibular branch of the trigeminal afferents in the frog (Rana catesbeiana), Anat. Rec. 166:356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., 1970b, The telencephalon of the western painted turtle Pseudemys scripta, Ill. Biol. Monogr. No. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., 1974, Some histochemical observations on the telencephalon of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, J. Comp. Neurol. 157:379–390.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., 1981, Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 4:301–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., and Kicliter, E., 1980, Organization of the amphibian telencephalon, in: Comparative Neurology of the Telencephalon (S. O. E. Ebbesson, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 203–255.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Northcutt, R. G., and Royce, G. J., 1975, Olfactory bulb projections in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, J. Morphol. 145:251–268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ouimet, C. C., Patrick, R. L., and Ebner, F. F., 1985, The projection of three extrathalamic cell groups to the cerebral cortex of the turtle Pseudemys, J. Comp. Neurol. 237:77–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent, A., 1973, Distribution of monoamine-containing neurons in the brain stem of the frog, Rana temporaria, J. Morphol. 139:67–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent, A., 1976, Striatal afferent connections in the turtle (Chrysemys picta) as revealed by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, Brain Res. 108:25–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent, A., and Poitras, D., 1974, The origin and distribution of catecholaminergic axon terminals in the cerebral cortex of the turtle (Chrysemys picta), Brain Res. 78:345–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramony Cajal, P., 1946, El Cerebro de los Batracios, Trab. Inst. Cajal de Invest. Biol. 38:41–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, A., and Karten, H. J., 1985, Comparison of olfactory bulb projections in pigeons and turtles, Brain Behav. Evol. 27:11–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolon, R. R., and Skeen, L. C., 1980, Afferent and efferent connections of the olfactory bulb in the soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx spinifer spinifer), Neurosci. Abstr. 6:305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronan, M. C., and Northcutt, R. G., 1979, Afferent and efferent connections of the bullfrog medial pallium, Neurosci. Abstr. 5:146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Röthig, P., 1912, Beiträge zur Studium des Centralnervensystems der Wirbelthiere. 5. Die Zellanordnungen im Voderhirn der Amphibien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Septumkerne und ihr Vergleich mit den Verhältnissen bei Testudo und Lacerta, Verh. K. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam (Ser. 2) 17:1–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubaschkin, W., 1903, Zur Morphologie des Gehirns der Amphibien, Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 62:207–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., 1972, The projection of the accessory olfactory bulb in the frog, Brain Res. 36:409–411.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., 1976a, Structure of the olfactory and accessory olfactory systems, in: Frog Neurobiology (R. Llinás and W. Precht, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 213–233.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., 1976b, The optic pathway of the frog: Nuclear organization and connections, in: Frog Neurobiology (R. Llinás and W. Precht, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 386–406.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., and Colman, D. R., 1975, Identification of telencephalic afferent thalamic nuclei associated with the visual system of the frog, Neurosci. Abstr. 1:46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., and Gregory, K., 1970, Retinofugal projections in the frog: Location of the postsynaptic neurons, Brain Behav. Evol. 3:16–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., Halpern, M., Knapp, H., and Riss, W., 1968, The efferent connexions of the olfactory bulb in the frog: A study of degenerating unmyelinated fibres, J. Anat. 103:245–262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia, F., Halpern, M., and Riss, W., 1969, Olfactory bulb projections in the South American caiman, Brain Behav. Evol. 2:238–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, F. S., 1980, Catecholaminergic neurons of treefrog isthmotrigeminal tegmentum, Exp. Brain Res. 39:235–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sligar, C. M., and Voneida, T. J., 1981, Efferent projections of the septum in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus, Anat. Rec. 210:197–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, G., 1922, Contributions to the forebrain morphology in amphibians, Acta Zool. 3:1–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tóth, P., Csank, G., and Lázár, G., 1985, Morphology of the cells of origin of descending pathways to the spinal cord in Rana esculenta. A tracing study using cobaltic-lysine complex, J. Hirnforsch. 26:365–383.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, S., Nojyo, Y., and Sano, Y., 1984, Immunohistochemical demonstration of the serotonin neuron system in the central nervous system of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, Anat. Embryol. 169:219–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulinski, P. S., 1975, Corticoseptal projections in the snakes Natrix sipedon and Thamnophis sirtalis, J. Comp. Neurol. 164:375–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulinski, P. S., 1976, Intracortical connections in the snakes Natrix sipedon and Thamnophis sirtalis, J. Morphol. 150:463–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulinski, P. S., 1983, Dosal Ventricular Ridge: A Treatise on Forebrain Organization in Reptiles and Birds, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulinski, P. S., and Peterson, E. H., 1981, Patterns of olfactory projections in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, J. Morphol. 168:189–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urban, L., and Székely, G., 1982, The dorsal column nuclei of the frog, Neuroscience 7:1187–1196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vesëlkin, N. P., and Ermakova, T. V., 1978, Studies on the thalamic connections in the frog Rana temporaria by peroxidase technique, J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 14:117–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesselkin, N. P., Agayan, A. L., and Nomokonova, L. M., 1971, A study of thalamotelencephalic afferent systems in frogs, Brain Behav. Evol. 4:195–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vesselkin, N. P., Ermakova, T. V., Kenigfest, N. B., and Goikovic, M., 1980, The striatal connections in the frog Rana temporaria: An HRP study, J. Hirnforsch. 21:381–392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voneida, T J., and Ebbesson, S. O. E., 1969, On the origin and distribution of axons in the pallial commissures in the tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus), Brain Behav. Evol. 2:467–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voneida, T. J., and Sligar, C. M., 1979, Efferent projections of the dorsal ventricular ridge and the striatum in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus, J. Comp. Neurol. 186:43–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wicht, H., and Himstedt, W., 1986, Two thalamo-telencephalic pathways in a urodele, Triturus alpestris, Neurosci. Lett. 68:90–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wicht, H., and Himstedt, W., 1988, Topologic and connectional analysis of the dorsal thalamus of Triturus alpestris (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae), J. Comp. Neurol. 267:545–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilczynski, W., and Northcutt, R. G., 1977, Afferents to the optic tectum of the leopard frog: An HRP study, J. Comp. Neurol. 173:219–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilczynski, W., and Northcutt, R. G., 1983, Connections of the bullfrog striatum: Afferent organization, J. Comp. Neurol 214:321–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, K., Tohyama, M., and Shimuzu, N., 1977, Comparative anatomy of the topography of catecholamine containing neuron system in the brain stem from birds to teleosts, J. Hirnforsch. 18:229–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M., Nagatsu, I., Kondo, Y., Karasawa, N., Ohno, T., Spatz, M., and Nagatsu, T., 1983, Immunohistocytochemical localization of the neurons containing catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and serotonin in the brain of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 16:245–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Neary, T.J. (1990). The Pallium of Anuran Amphibians. In: Jones, E.G., Peters, A. (eds) Comparative Structure and Evolution of Cerebral Cortex, Part I. Cerebral Cortex, vol 8A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9622-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9622-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9624-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9622-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics