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Deinstitutionalization and Reinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill

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Homelessness

Part of the book series: Topics in Social Psychiatry ((TSPS))

Abstract

In modern history, three great shifts in concepts and practice in the treatment of the mentally ill are recognized. The first “revolution” followed the political and intellectual liberation of humans arising from the struggles of the French Revolution. Its counterpart in the mental hospitals of the day was moral treatment, a philosophy expounded by Philippe Pinel,1 which emphasized kindness, forbearance, and a personalized approach to patients. Pinel claimed that the mentally ill generally did not demonstrate recognizable lesions of the brain and would respond to enlightened tolerance and understanding without the necessity of chains, straitjackets, or other punitive measures. His philosophy spread throughout Europe and then to America, where the early hospitals, founded on principles of moral treatment, boasted gratifying therapeutic results even in seriously ill patients. Indeed, Parke’s2 remarkable follow-up of patients admitted to the Worcester (Massachusetts) State Hospital, the first of its kind in the nation, showed that the majority of persons admitted with less than a year’s evidence of mental illness eventually could be discharged as recovered.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and San Fernando Valley Program in Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA

    Milton Greenblatt

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Olive View Medical Center, Sylmar, California, 91342-1495, USA

    Milton Greenblatt

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  1. Milton Greenblatt
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, Institute of Epidemiology and Behavioral Medicine, Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, California, 94709, USA

    Marjorie J. Robertson Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and San Fernando Valley Program in Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA

    Milton Greenblatt M.D.

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Olive View Medical Center, Sylmar, California, 91342-1495, USA

    Milton Greenblatt M.D.

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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Greenblatt, M. (1992). Deinstitutionalization and Reinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill. In: Robertson, M.J., Greenblatt, M. (eds) Homelessness. Topics in Social Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0679-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0679-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0681-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0679-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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