Skip to main content

The Tier Approach to Pesticide Exposure Assessment: Are We There?

  • Chapter
Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment

Part of the book series: NATO · Challenges of Modern Society ((NATS,volume 19))

  • 82 Accesses

Abstract

The tier approach to pesticide exposure assessment was presented and discussed at the “Workshop on Risk Assessment for Worker Exposure to Agricultural Pesticides” held in The Netherlands in May 1992. At that time there was general agreement on the merits of this approach. Theoretically, it is a logical and reasonable approach that supports the safe use of pesticides while directing attention to those areas of pesticide exposure assessment where it is most needed. This critique of the tier approach Carmichael (1995) will concentrate on the following components: generic data; assumptions on protective clothing and dermal absorption; and the allowable occupational exposure level. Figure 1 (see page 118) outlines the tier approach. The critique will address whether these components are adequately defined to allow the tier approach to be followed at this time. Lastly, personal experience in pesticide regulation will be used to identify potential problems with this approach. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussion of these potential problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Carmichael, N.G., 1995, Pesticide exposure: Overview of the tier approach, in: “Proceedings of the Workshop on Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment”, October 5–8, 1993, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W.L., 1992, The harmonization of operator exposure risk assessment, Presented at the Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases-1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, P.Th., Brouwer, D.H., Opdam, J.J.G., Stevenson, H., and Stouten, J.Th.J., 1993, Risk assessment for worker exposure to agricultural pesticides: Review of a workshop, Ann. Occup. Hyg. 37 (5): 499–507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moody, R.P., Nadeau, B., Chu, I., 1994, In vivo and in vitro dermal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene in rat, guinea pig, human and tissue-cultured skin, J. Dermatol. Sci. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, A., Curry, P., and Leighton, T., 1995, The Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED): Regulatory review, in: “Proceedings of the Workshop on Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment”, October 5–8, 1993, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwope, A.D., Goydan, R., Ehntholt, R., Frank, U., and Nielsen, A., 1992, Permeation resistance of glove materials to agricultural pesticides, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 53: 352–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, R.C., Batten, P.L., Clowes, H.M., Jones, B.K., and Ramsey, J.D., 1992, Further validation of an in vitro method to reduce the need for in vivo studies for measuring the absorption of chemicals through rat skin, Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 19: 484–492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thongsinthusak, T., Brodber, R.K., Ross, J.H., Gibbons, D., and Krieger, R.I., 1990, Reduction of pesticide exposure by using protective clothing and enclosed cabs, Presented at the 199th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, MA, April 22–27, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Curry, P.B., Iyengar, S., Maloney, P. (1995). The Tier Approach to Pesticide Exposure Assessment: Are We There?. In: Curry, P.B., Iyengar, S., Maloney, P.A., Maroni, M. (eds) Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment. NATO · Challenges of Modern Society, vol 19. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0973-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0973-2_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0975-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0973-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics