Abstract
In Chapter 4 it was shown that muscle requires oxygen for the continued generation of ATP from metabolism to enable muscle contraction. This oxygen is delivered from the lungs to the skeletal muscles via the cardiovascular system (i.e. the heart and blood vessels). This chapter is divided into two sections, A, dealing with cardiovascular responses to exercise, and B, examining respiration during exercise. The involvement of the autonomic nervous system in their control is also discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References and further reading
Adams, L., Garlick, J., Guz, A., Murphy, K. and Semple, S.J.G. (1984) Is the voluntary control of exercise in man necessary for the ventilatory response? J. Physiol., 355, 71–83.
Asmussen, E., Nielsen, M. and Wieth-Pedersen, G. (1943) On the regulation of the circulation during muscular work. Acta Physiol. Scand., 6, 353–358.
Band, D.M., Wolff, C.B. and Ward, J. (1980) Respiratory oscillations in arterial carbon dioxide tension as a control signal in exercise. Nature, 283, 4–5.
Berne, R.M. and Levy, M.N. (1981) Cardiovascular Physiology, 4th edition, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis.
Blomqvist, C.G. and Saltin, B. (1983) Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 45, 169–189
Ekblom, B., Goldbarg, A.N., Kilbom, A. and Åstrand, P.-O. (1972) Effects of atropine and propranolol on the oxygen transport system during exercise in man. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 30, 35–42.
Freund, P.R., Rowell, L.B., Murphy, T.M., Hobbs, S.F. and Butler, S.H. (1979) Blockade of the pressor response to muscle ischaemia by sensory nerve block in man. Am. J. Physiol, 237, H433–H439.
Gaesser, G.A. and Brooks, G.A. (1984) Metabolic bases of excess postexercise oxygen consumption: a review. Med. Sci. Sports Ex., 16, 29–43.
Gallo, L., Jr., Maciel, B.C., Marin-Neto, J.A., Martins, L.E.B., Lima-Filho, E.C. and Manço, J.C. (1988) The use of isometric exercise as a means of evaluating the parasympathetic contribution to the tachycardia induced by dynamic exercise in normal man. Pflügers Arch., 412, 128–132.
Gollnick, P.O., Armstrong, R.B., Saubert, C.W., Piehl, K. and Saltin, B. (1972) Enzyme activity and fiber composition in skeletal muscle of untrained and trained men. J. Appl. Physiol., 33, 312–319.
Hagberg, J., Coyle, E.M., Carroll, J.E., Miller, J.M., Martin, W.H. and Brooke, M.H. (1982) Exercise hyperventilation in patients with McArdle’s disease. J. Appl Physiol., 52, 991–994.
Hultman, E. and Sjöholm, H. (1982) Blood pressure and heart rate response to voluntary and non-voluntary static exercise in man. Acta Physiol. Scand., 115, 449–501.
Kaijser, L. (1970) Limiting factors for aerobic muscle performance. Acta Physiol Scand. Suppl., 346, 1–96.
Keele, C.A., Neil, E. and Joels, N. (1982) Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology, 13th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Leonard, B., Mitchell, J.H., Mizuno, M., Rube, N., Saltin, B. and Secher, N.H. (1985) Partial neuromuscular blockade and cardiovascular responses to static exercise in man. J. Physiol, 359, 365–379.
Levy, M.N. (1984) Cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions. Fed. Proc., 43, 2592–2602.
Linton, R.A.F., Lim, M., Wolffe, C.B., Wilmhurst, P. and Band, D.M. (1984) Arterial plasma potassium measured continuously during exercise in man. Clin. Sci., 67, 427–431.
Maciel, B.C., Gallo, L., Neto, J.E.M., Filho, E.C.L. and Martins, L.E.B. (1986) Autonomic nervous control of the heart during dynamic exercise in normal man. Clin. Sci., 71, 457–460.
Mitchell, J.H. (1985) Cardiovascular control during exercise: central and reflex neural mechanisms. Am. J. Cardiol., 55, 34D–41D.
Orizio, C., Perini, R., Commande, A., Castellano, M., Beschi, M. and Veicsteinas, A. (1988) Plasma catecholamines and heart rate at the beginning of muscular exercise in man. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 57, 644–651.
Plotnick, G.D., Becker, L.C., Fisher, M.L., Gerstenblith, G., Renlund, D.G., Fleg, J.L., Weisfeldt, M.L. and Lakatta, E.G. (1986) Use of the Frank-Starling mechanism during submaximal versus maximal upright exercise. Am. J. Physiol, 251, H1101–H1105.
Rowell, L.B. (1974) Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiol. Rev., 54, 75–159.
Rowell, L.B., Freund, P.R. and Hobbs, S.F. (1981) Cardiovascular responses to muscle ischemia in humans. Circ. Res., 48, Suppl. 1, 37–47.
Saltin, B. (1985) Hemodynamic adaptations to exercise. Am. J. Cardiol., 55, 42D–47D.
Saltin, B. (1988) Capacity of blood flow delivery to exercising skeletal muscle. Am. J. Cardiol., 62, 30E–35E.
Saltin, B., Nakar, K., Costill, D.L., Stein, E., Jansson, E., Essen, B. and Gollnick, P.D. (1976) The nature of the training response: peripheral and central adaptations to one-legged exercise. Acta Physiol. Scand., 96, 289–305.
Shepherd, J.T. and Mancia, G. (1986) Reflex control of the human cardiovascular system. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 105, 1–99.
Suarez, V.H., Messerti, F.H., Ventura, H.O., Aristimuno, G., Dresbenki, G.R. and Frohlich, E.D. (1982) Baroreceptor stimulation and isometric exercise in normotensive and borderline hypertensive subjects. Clin. Sci., 62, 307–309.
Victor, R.G., Seals, D.R. and Mark, A.L. (1987) Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise. J. Clin. Invest., 79, 508–516.
Wyman, R.J. (1977) Neural generation of the breathing rhythm. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 39, 417–448.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Green, J.H. (1990). The cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In: The Autonomic Nervous System and Exercise. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2919-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2919-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-32500-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2919-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive