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Oxidative Stress in Sarcoidosis

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Studies on Respiratory Disorders

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder, in which the role of oxidative injury has recently been highlighted. Increased levels of markers of oxidative stress including lipid peroxidation products (like malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane) and oxygen-free radicals (like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide) have been found in the serum and respiratory samples of sarcoidosis patients. Some of these markers correlate with disease activity. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (like haem oxygenase, paraoxonase, vitamin C, and E) are increased in the lung tissue as a response to oxidative stress while their systemic levels are decreased possibly due to increased consumption and accumulation in the lung. There may be a state of relative deficiency of antioxidant molecules, despite the higher than normal levels. Exogenous antioxidants like quercetin, pentoxifylline, and N-acetylcysteine have been tried in the treatment of sarcoidosis without any conclusive clinical benefit shown to date. Whether markers of oxidative stress reflect different stages, severity, or phenotypes of disease and whether antioxidants have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents are questions yet to be answered.

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Conflict of Interest

 S.D.: Conflicts of Interest—none, financial disclosures—none. D.G.: Conflicts of Interest—none, financial disclosures—none

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Sahajal Dhooria M.D. & Dheeraj Gupta M.D., D.M., F.R.C.P.

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  1. Sahajal Dhooria M.D.
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  2. Dheeraj Gupta M.D., D.M., F.R.C.P.
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Correspondence to Dheeraj Gupta M.D., D.M., F.R.C.P. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Nirmal K. Ganguly

  2. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Educat, Chandigarh, India

    Surinder K. Jindal

  3. Department of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins College of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Shyam Biswal

  4. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Peter J. Barnes

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

    Ruby Pawankar

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Dhooria, S., Gupta, D. (2014). Oxidative Stress in Sarcoidosis. In: Ganguly, N., Jindal, S., Biswal, S., Barnes, P., Pawankar, R. (eds) Studies on Respiratory Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0497-6_11

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