Fundamentals of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication System

Abstract

Free-space optical (FSO) must be included in the set of solutions for meeting the bandwidth requirements of the modern internet. FSO communication is the most practical alternative to solve the bottleneck broadband connectivity problem, and as a supplement to conventional radio frequency (RF)/microwave links. FSO is recently very active with many exciting fundamental and technological challenges to improve its performance in a range of scenarios. The data rate provided by FSO links continue to increase in both long- and short-range applications. FSO will be one of the most unique and powerful tools to address connectivity bottlenecks that have been created in high-speed networks during the past decade due to the tremendous success and continued acceptance of the Internet. The next generation of Internet connectivity will push the limits of existing infrastructure with high-bandwidth applications such as video-conferencing, streaming multi-media content, and network-enabled portable devices. Clearing these bottlenecks is crucial for the future growth and success of the contemporary Internet society. The bandwidth of optical communications access and edge networks will be needed to satisfy these demands. Figure 1.1 shows a scheme of FSO communication technology with optical wireless and different user connectivity.