Skip to main content

Inferior Vena Cava Filters

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Essentials of Vascular Surgery for the General Surgeon

Abstract

Since the Greenfield filter was introduced in 1973, inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have evolved and adapted, and their use has exploded. This chapter will review standard and expanded uses of temporary and permanent IVC filters and discuss efficacy and use in specific patient populations. The technical considerations of filter placement and retrieval will be reviewed, and complications of IVC filters will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107(23 Suppl 1):I4–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Athanasoulis CA, et al. Inferior vena caval filters: review of a 26-year single-center clinical experience. Radiology. 2000;216(1):54–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim HS, et al. A comparison of clinical outcomes with retrievable and permanent inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19(3):393–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Stein PD, Kayali F, Olson RE. Twenty-one-year trends in the use of inferior vena cava filters. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(14):1541–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Becker DM, Philbrick JT, Selby JB. Inferior vena cava filters. Indications, safety, effectiveness. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(10):1985–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nabseth DC, Moran JM. Reassessment of the role of inferior-vena-cava ligation in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 1965;273(23):1250–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Amador E, Li TK, Crane C. Ligation of inferior vena cava for thromboembolism. Clinical and autopsy correlations in 119 cases. JAMA. 1968;206(8):1758–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Askew AR, Gardner AM. Long-term follow-up of partial caval occlusion by clip. Am J Surg. 1980;140(3):441–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Burget Jr DE, et al. Inferior vena cava plication for prevention of pulmonary embolism: results in 24 cases. Ann Surg. 1967;165(3):437–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Couch NP, Baldwin SS, Crane C. Mortality and morbidity rates after inferior vena caval clipping. Surgery. 1975;77(1):106–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Harlal A, Ojha M, Johnston KW. Vena cava filter performance based on hemodynamic and reported thrombosis and pulmonary embolism patterns. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007;18(1):103–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wolf G, Altmann E. [Long-term follow-up of Mobin-Uddin umbrella filter implantation for prevention of pulmonary embolism]. Vasa. 1993;22(1):68–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mobin-Uddin K, et al. Transvenous caval interruption with umbrella filter. N Engl J Med. 1972;286(2):55–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Greenfield LJ, et al. A new intracaval filter permitting continued flow and resolution of emboli. Surgery. 1973;73(4):599–606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Greenfield LJ, Proctor MC. Twenty-year clinical experience with the Greenfield filter. Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;3(2):199–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tadavarthy SM, et al. Kimray-Greenfield vena cava filter: percutaneous introduction. Radiology. 1984;151(2):525–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Guyatt GH, et al. Introduction to the ninth edition: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):48S–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kearon C, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e419S–94.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Baadh AS, et al. Indications for inferior vena cava filter placement: do physicians comply with guidelines? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23(8):989–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hirsh J, et al. Executive summary: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):71S–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaufman JA, et al. Guidelines for the use of retrievable and convertible vena cava filters: report from the Society of Interventional Radiology multidisciplinary consensus conference. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17(3):449–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ingber S, Geerts WH. Vena caval filters: current knowledge, uncertainties and practical approaches. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009;16(5):402–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Usoh F, et al. Long-term follow-up for superior vena cava filter placement. Ann Vasc Surg. 2009;23(3):350–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Watanabe S, et al. Superior vena caval placement of a temporary filter: a case report. Vasc Surg. 2001;35(1):59–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ascher E, et al. Lessons learned from a 6-year clinical experience with superior vena cava Greenfield filters. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32(5):881–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Decousus H, et al. A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Prevention du Risque d’Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(7):409–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. PREPIC Study Group. Eight-year follow-up of patients with permanent vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism: the PREPIC (Prevention du Risque d’Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave) randomized study. Circulation. 2005;112(3):416–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Angel LF, et al. Systematic review of the use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22(11):1522–1530.e3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Anaya DA, Nathens AB. Thrombosis and coagulation: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prophylaxis. Surg Clin North Am. 2005;85(6):1163–77, ix–x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Geerts WH, et al. A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(24):1601–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Meyer CS, et al. Surveillance venous scans for deep venous thrombosis in multiple trauma patients. Ann Vasc Surg. 1995;9(1):109–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Winchell RJ, et al. Risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism despite routine prophylaxis: implications for improved protection. J Trauma. 1994;37(4):600–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Shackford SR, et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with major trauma. Am J Surg. 1990;159(4):365–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Geerts WH, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):381S–453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kirilcuk NN, et al. Are temporary inferior vena cava filters really temporary? Am J Surg. 2005;190(6):858–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Antevil JL, et al. Retrievable vena cava filters for preventing pulmonary embolism in trauma patients: a cautionary tale. J Trauma. 2006;60(1):35–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Quirke TE, Ritota PC, Swan KG. Inferior vena caval filter use in U.S. trauma centers: a practitioner survey. J Trauma. 1997;43(2):333–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cherry RA, et al. Prophylactic inferior vena cava filters: do they make a difference in trauma patients? J Trauma. 2008;65(3):544–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Velmahos GC, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after injury: an evidence-based report–part II: analysis of risk factors and evaluation of the role of vena caval filters. J Trauma. 2000;49(1):140–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Velmahos GC, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after injury: an evidence-based report–part I: analysis of risk factors and evaluation of the role of vena caval filters. J Trauma. 2000;49(1):132–8; discussion 139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. McMurtry AL, et al. Increased use of prophylactic vena cava filters in trauma patients failed to decrease overall incidence of pulmonary embolism. J Am Coll Surg. 1999;189(3):314–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sing RF, et al. Bedside insertion of inferior vena cava filters in the intensive care unit. J Trauma. 1999;47(6):1104–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Khansarinia S, et al. Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk trauma patients. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22(3):231–5; discussion 235–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Carlin AM, et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic inferior vena cava filters to prevent pulmonary emboli in trauma patients. Arch Surg. 2002;137(5):521–5; discussion 525–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rodriguez JL, et al. Early placement of prophylactic vena caval filters in injured patients at high risk for pulmonary embolism. J Trauma. 1996;40(5):797–802; discussion 802–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Spangler EL, Dillavou ED, Smith KJ. Cost-effectiveness of guidelines for insertion of inferior vena cava filters in high-risk trauma patients. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(6):1537–45.e1–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Rogers FB, et al. Practice management guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: the EAST practice management guidelines work group. J Trauma. 2002;53(1):142–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Geerts WH. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk patients. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:462–6.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Austin MS, et al. The inferior vena cava filter is effective in preventing fatal pulmonary embolus after hip and knee arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(3):343–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Strauss EJ, et al. The use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in orthopaedic patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(5):662–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Prandoni P, et al. Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer and venous thrombosis. Blood. 2002;100(10):3484–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Elting LS, et al. Outcomes and cost of deep venous thrombosis among patients with cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(15):1653–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Schunn C, et al. Inferior vena cava filter placement in late-stage cancer. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2006;40(4):287–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Cohen JR, Grella L, Citron M. Greenfield filter instead of heparin as primary treatment for deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer. Cancer. 1992;70(7):1993–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee AY, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(2):146–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Eifler AC, et al. Optional or permanent: clinical factors that optimize inferior vena cava filter utilization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24(1):35–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Agnelli G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients. Circulation. 2004;110(24 Suppl 1):IV4–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Krivak TC, Zorn KK. Venous thromboembolism in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(3):761–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Aburahma AF, Mullins DA. Endovascular caval interruption in pregnant patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity. J Vasc Surg. 2001;33(2):375–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Matchett WJ, et al. Suprarenal vena caval filter placement: follow-up of four filter types in 22 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1998;9(4):588–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hamad GG, Bergqvist D. Venous thromboembolism in bariatric surgery patients: an update of risk and prevention. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(1):97–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Goldhaber SZ, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA. 1997;277(8):642–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Prystowsky JB, et al. Prospective analysis of the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in bariatric surgery patients. Surgery. 2005;138(4):759–63. discussion 763–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Scholten DJ, Hoedema RM, Scholten SE. A comparison of two different prophylactic dose regimens of low molecular weight heparin in bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2002;12(1):19–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kalfarentzos F, et al. Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism using two different doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (nadroparin) in bariatric surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Obes Surg. 2001;11(6):670–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Birkmeyer NJ, et al. Preoperative placement of inferior vena cava filters and outcomes after gastric bypass surgery. Ann Surg. 2010;252(2):313–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Obeid FN, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement in bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(6):606–8; discussion 609–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Gargiulo 3rd NJ, et al. Experience with inferior vena cava filter placement in patients undergoing open gastric bypass procedures. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44(6):1301–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Trigilio-Black CM, et al. Inferior vena cava filter placement for pulmonary embolism risk reduction in super morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(4):461–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gorman PH, Qadri SF, Rao-Patel A. Prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement may increase the relative risk of deep venous thrombosis after acute spinal cord injury. J Trauma. 2009;66(3):707–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Richard 3rd H, Widlus DM, Scalea TM. Inferior vena cava filters in trauma: balancing pulmonary embolism prevention with the risk of deep venous thrombosis. J Trauma. 2010;69(4):1003; author reply 1003–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Savin MA, et al. Placement of vena cava filters: factors affecting technical success and immediate complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179(3):597–602.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Danetz JS, et al. Selective venography versus nonselective venography before vena cava filter placement: evidence for more, not less. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(5):928–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Isaacson S, Gray RR, Pugash RA. Manipulation by catheter of unopened LGM filter. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1993;44(3):217–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Baron HC, et al. Bilateral iliac vein filter deployment in a patient with megacava. Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13(6):634–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Chiou AC. Intravascular ultrasound-guided bedside placement of inferior vena cava filters. Semin Vasc Surg. 2006;19(3):150–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Conners 3rd MS, et al. Duplex scan-directed placement of inferior vena cava filters: a five-year institutional experience. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(2):286–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Garrett JV, et al. Expanding options for bedside placement of inferior vena cava filters with intravascular ultrasound when transabdominal duplex ultrasound imaging is inadequate. Ann Vasc Surg. 2004;18(3):329–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Jacobs DL, Motaganahalli RL, Peterson BG. Bedside vena cava filter placement with intravascular ultrasound: a simple, accurate, single venous access method. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(6):1284–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Proctor MC, Greenfield LJ. Form and function of vena cava filters: how do optional filters measure up? Vascular. 2008;16(1):10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Kantor A, et al. Percutaneous insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield filter: incidence of femoral vein thrombosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149(5):1065–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Roehm Jr JO, Thomas JW. The twist technique: a method to minimize wire prolapse during Bird’s Nest filter placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1995;6(3):455–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Thomas JH, et al. Vena caval occlusion after bird’s nest filter placement. Am J Surg. 1998;176(6):598–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Nicholson AA, et al. Long-term follow-up of the Bird’s Nest IVC Filter. Clin Radiol. 1999;54(11):759–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Murphy TP, et al. LGM vena cava filter: objective evaluation of early results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1991;2(1):107–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Crochet DP, et al. Long-term follow-up of Vena Tech-LGM filter: predictors and frequency of caval occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1999;10(2 Pt 1):137–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Simon M, et al. Simon nitinol inferior vena cava filter: initial clinical experience. Work in progress. Radiology. 1989;172(1):99–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Leask RL, Johnston KW, Ojha M. In vitro hemodynamic evaluation of a Simon nitinol vena cava filter: possible explanation of IVC occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12(5):613–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Poletti PA, et al. Long-term results of the Simon nitinol inferior vena cava filter. Eur Radiol. 1998;8(2):289–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Oliva VL, et al. The Jonas study: evaluation of the retrievability of the Cordis OptEase inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(11):1439–45; quiz 1445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Schutzer R, et al. Preliminary results of the new 6 F TrapEase inferior vena cava filter. Ann Vasc Surg. 2003;17(1):103–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Corriere MA, et al. Vena cava filters and inferior vena cava thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(4):789–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Mahrer A, et al. Retrievable vena cava filters in major trauma patients: prevalence of thrombus within the filter. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008;31(4):785–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Grande WJ, et al. Experience with the recovery filter as a retrievable inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(9):1189–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Oliva VL, et al. Recovery G2 inferior vena cava filter: technical success and safety of retrieval. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19(6):884–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Rosenthal D, et al. Retrievability of the Gunther Tulip vena cava filter after dwell times longer than 180 days in patients with multiple trauma. J Endovasc Ther. 2007;14(3):406–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Millward SF. Gunther Tulip retrievable filter: why, when and how? Can Assoc Radiol J. 2001;52(3):188–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Millward SF, et al. Gunther tulip retrievable vena cava filter: results from the Registry of the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12(9):1053–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Van Ha TG, et al. Techniques used for difficult retrievals of the Gunther Tulip inferior vena cava filter: experience in 32 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(1):92–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Van Ha TG, et al. Use of retrievable compared to permanent inferior vena cava filters: a single-institution experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008;31(2):308–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Looby S, et al. Gunther Tulip retrievable inferior vena caval filters: indications, efficacy, retrieval, and complications. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007;30(1):59–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sangwaiya MJ, et al. Safety and effectiveness of the celect inferior vena cava filter: preliminary results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(9):1188–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Bogue CO, et al. Symptomatic caval penetration by a Celect inferior vena cava filter. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(10):1110–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Caronno R, et al. Mid-term experience with the ALN retrievable inferior vena cava filter. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;32(5):596–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Imberti D, et al. Clinical experience with retrievable vena cava filters: results of a prospective observational multicenter study. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(7):1370–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Murphy EH, et al. Crux vena cava filter. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2009;6(5):477–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Kinney TB. Update on inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14(4):425–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Johnson MS, et al. The safety and effectiveness of the retrievable option inferior vena cava filter: a United States prospective multicenter clinical study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21(8):1173–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Mismetti P, et al. A prospective long-term study of 220 patients with a retrievable vena cava filter for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 2007;131(1):223–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. De Gregorio MA, et al. Retrieval of Gunther Tulip optional vena cava filters 30 days after implantation: a prospective clinical study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17(11 Pt 1):1781–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Hoppe H, et al. Gunther Tulip filter retrievability multicenter study including CT follow-up: final report. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17(6):1017–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Yale SH, et al. Recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with and without anticoagulation after inferior vena caval filter placement. Int Angiol. 2006;25(1):60–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Sakuma M, et al. Inferior vena cava filter is a new additional therapeutic option to reduce mortality from acute pulmonary embolism. Circ J. 2004;68(9):816–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Binkert CA, Bansal A, Gates JD. Inferior vena cava filter removal after 317-day implantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(3):395–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Smouse HB, et al. Long-term retrieval success rate profile for the Gunther Tulip vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(7):871–7; quiz 878.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Pellerin O, et al. Early and late retrieval of the ALN removable vena cava filter: results from a multicenter study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008;31(5):889–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Lynch FC. Balloon-assisted removal of tilted inferior vena cava filters with embedded tips. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(9):1210–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Rubenstein L, et al. Loop-snare technique for difficult inferior vena cava filter retrievals. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007;18(10):1315–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Mission JF, et al. Rates and predictors of plans for inferior vena cava filter retrieval in hospitalized patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(4):321–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  120. Minocha J, et al. Improving inferior vena cava filter retrieval rates: impact of a dedicated inferior vena cava filter clinic. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21(12):1847–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Ko SH, et al. Institutional protocol improves retrievable inferior vena cava filter recovery rate. Surgery. 2009;146(4):809–14; discussion 814–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Nicholson W, et al. Prevalence of fracture and fragment embolization of Bard retrievable vena cava filters and clinical implications including cardiac perforation and tamponade. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(20):1827–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Joels CS, Sing RF, Heniford BT. Complications of inferior vena cava filters. Am Surg. 2003;69(8):654–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Ray Jr CE, Kaufman JA. Complications of inferior vena cava filters. Abdom Imaging. 1996;21(4):368–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Grassi CJ, et al. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous permanent inferior vena cava filter placement for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14(9 Pt 2):S271–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Blebea J, et al. Deep venous thrombosis after percutaneous insertion of vena caval filters. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30(5):821–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Yan BP, et al. Combined pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for acute inferior vena cava filter thrombosis. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2008;9(1):36–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Johnson MS. Vena cava filter fracture: unplanned obsolescence. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23(2):196–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Haddadian B, et al. Sudden cardiac death caused by migration of a TrapEase inferior vena cava filter: case report and review of the literature. Clin Cardiol. 2008;31(2):84–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Proctor MC, et al. Assessment of apparent vena caval penetration by the Greenfield filter. J Endovasc Surg. 1998;5(3):251–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Feezor RJ, et al. Duodenal perforation with an inferior vena cava filter: an unusual cause of abdominal pain. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(5):1010–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Streiff MB. Vena caval filters: a comprehensive review. Blood. 2000;95(12):3669–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Shang EK, et al. Delayed complications of inferior vena cava filters: case report and literature review. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2011;45(3):290–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Siepe M, et al. Aorto-caval fistula from acute rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm treated with a hybrid approach. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(6):1574–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Sparrow P. Double whammy: inferior vena cava filter-related perforation and thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and aorta. Circulation. 2011;123(7):e245-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Veroux M, et al. Late complication from a retrievable inferior vena cava filter with associated caval, aortic, and duodenal perforation: a case report. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(1):223–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Becher RD, et al. Late erosion of a prophylactic Celect IVC filter into the aorta, right renal artery, and duodenal wall. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(4):1041–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Drs. Efthimios Avgerinos and Andrew Leake for their contribution of fluoroscopic images (Fig. 13.2).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ellen D. Dillavou MD, FACS, RPVI .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kiguchi, M.M., Dillavou, E.D. (2015). Inferior Vena Cava Filters. In: Gahtan, V., Costanza, M. (eds) Essentials of Vascular Surgery for the General Surgeon. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1326-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1326-8_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1325-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1326-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics