Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD in adulthood is one of the most highly prevalent psychiatric conditions, affecting 3–4 % of adults in the USA. Adults with ADHD have been found to have impairment broadly in academic, behavioral, and social domains. Although stimulants and other medications have been shown to reduce core neurobiological symptoms for many adults with this disorder, many adults with ADHD continue to experience significant residual symptoms while on medications or cannot tolerate the medications due to side effects. Even those who do respond to medications typically have significant continued symptoms. As a result, many adults with ADHD may require psychosocial treatment. Traditionally there have been relatively few resources available to clinicians. In the last decade, however, several treatment approaches have received empirical support. The present chapter provides an overview of the diagnostic features and clinical presentations of adults with ADHD, an overview of the cognitive behavioral therapy developed through a series of research studies at Massachusetts General Hospital, and a case example illustrating the use of the techniques described.