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Mechanical Properties of Bone

  • Chapter
Skeletal Tissue Mechanics

Abstract

We have now learned much about the variable structure of the material inside bones. Previously, we learned that the muscle forces acting on the skeleton are quite large relative to the forces exerted on it by the outside world. It is now time to bring these two aspects of skeletal tissue mechanics together: to learn how strong bones are relative to the loads they must bear, and how the mechanical properties of bones depend on their structure.

Strength of bones is dependent upon the material, the microscopic structure and the shape of the whole bone.

A.A. Rauber, 1876, as quoted in Roesler (1987)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this experiment, apparent density was measured after the void spaces had been emptied of soft tissues, so they contained only air. That is why the symbol d is used here instead of the ρ that was used for apparent density in Sect. 2.4. How would you change Eq. (2.6) to obtain an expression for d?

  2. 2.

    A penetration test involves pushing a needle about 2.5 mm in diameter into the flat, machined surface of a region of cancellous bone. A graph of the resistive force vs. depth of penetration looks somewhat like a compression load-deformation plot. The correlation between the peak force seen in the penetration test and compressive strength is about R = 0.9 (Hvid and Hansen 1985).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Olga, WA, USA

    R. Bruce Martin

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    David B. Burr

  3. Kinesiology, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Neil A. Sharkey

  4. Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA

    David P. Fyhrie

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Martin, R.B., Burr, D.B., Sharkey, N.A., Fyhrie, D.P. (2015). Mechanical Properties of Bone. In: Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3002-9_7

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