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Effects of Man-Made Sound on Fishes

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Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 66))

Abstract

Sound provides animals with a means of rapid, directional, and long-distance communication. It also provides animals with a “gestalt” view of their environment by giving an acoustic image of the world that often extends far beyond what is available from other senses. Thus, sound is highly relevant for fishes, and any interference with the ability to detect sound has potential consequences for the fitness and survival of individuals, populations, and species. There is a growing body of evidence that the addition of man-made sound in the aquatic environment has the potential to affect the ability of fishes to detect and use the biologically relevant sounds that are important for their survival. Moreover, there is also evidence that especially intense sounds not only affect sound detection and behavior but also have the potential to have physiological and physical effects on fish that could result in greatly reduced fitness and, in some cases, directly to death. This chapter examines the potential effects of man-made sound on fishes. It considers the sources of such sounds, the current data on potential effects and impacts, and implications for regulation of such sounds so that the potential impact is mitigated.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “Physiological” effects are often used synonymously with “physical” effects. It is difficult to differentiate the two because changes in physiology (e.g., inability to produce blood cells, changes in nerve conduction) may be hard to determine, whereas it is not clear if physical effects (damage to tissues, hematoma) also result in physiological effects. This paper uses physiological to encompass all effects on the body, unless the results are clearly only one or the other.

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    Anthony D. Hawkins

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    Arthur N. Popper

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    Arthur N. Popper

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Hawkins, A.D., Popper, A.N. (2018). Effects of Man-Made Sound on Fishes. In: Slabbekoorn, H., Dooling, R., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 66. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8574-6_6

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