Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy evolved from the concepts of Lissauer and Ehrlich over the last century. The initial chemotherapy protocols they devised were characterized by a lack of specificity, and walking a fine line balancing the toxicities experienced by the host and the tumor. This has been subsequently improved owing to a better understanding of tumor biology and the biochemical basis of action of the chemotherapy regimens. Radiation therapy started after the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895. Refinement of these modalities has resulted in therapeutic options for patients with several types of malignancies. Innovative modern techniques in the 1990s have provided insight into the intracellular pathways that result in sensitivity and resistance of the neoplastic cells to drug treatment.
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Kalmadi, S., Raghavan, D. (2006). Fundamentals of Cancer Treatment. In: McLain, R.F., Lewandrowski, KU., Markman, M., Bukowski, R.M., Macklis, R., Benzel, E.C. (eds) Cancer in the Spine. Current Clinical Oncology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-971-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-971-4_5
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