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Conductive and Cochlear Hearing Loss

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Textbook of Tinnitus

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Exostosis: A cartilage-capped bony projection arising from any bone that develops from cartilage. Stedman’s Electronic Medical Dictionary.

  2. 2.

    Cholesteatoma: Squamous metaplasia or extension of squamous cell epithelium inward to line an expanding cystic cavity that may involve the middle ear or mastoid, erode surrounding bone, and become filled with a mass of keratinized squamous cell epithelial debris, usually resulting from chronic otitis media. The lesion often contains cholesterol clefts surrounded by inflammatory and foreign body giant cells, hence the name cholesteatoma. Stedman’s Electronic Medical Dictionary.

  3. 3.

    Wegener’s granulomatosis: a disease, occurring mainly in the fourth and fifth decades, characterized by necrotizing granulomas and ulceration of the upper respiratory tract, with purulent rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and sometimes with otorrhea, hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltration and cavitation, and fever; exophthalmos, involvement of the larynx and pharynx, and glomerulonephritis may occur; the underlying condition is a vasculitis affecting small vessels, and is possibly due to an immune disorder. Stedman’s Online Medical Dictionary.

  4. 4.

    Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a set of closely related disorders unified by a common proliferating element, the Langerhans cell. Three overlapping clinical syndromes are recognized: a single site disease (eosinophilic granuloma), a multifocal unisystem process (Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome), and a multifocal, multisystem histiocytosis (Letter-Siwe syndrome.) Formerly this process was known as histiocytosis X. Stedman’s Online Medical Dictionary.

  5. 5.

    Sarcoidosis: a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause, especially involving the lungs with resulting interstitial fibrosis, but also involving lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands; granulomas are composed of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little or no necrosis. Stedman’s Online Medical Dictionary.

  6. 6.

    Mondini dysplasia: Congenital anomaly of osseus and membranous otic labyrinth characterized by aplastic cochlea and deformity of the vestibule and semicircular canals with partial or complete loss of auditory and vestibular function; may be associated with dilated vestibular aqueduct and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea resulting in meningitis.

  7. 7.

    Scheibe dysplasia: Hearing impairment due to cochleosaccular dysplasia; usually autosomal recessive inheritance. Stedman’s Online Medical Dictionary.

  8. 8.

    Cogan syndrome: Typical Cogan syndrome is characterized by interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory dysfunction. There is generally a brief episode of inflammatory eye disease (interstitial keratitis) followed by bilateral audiovestibular symptoms. The interstitial keratitis usually occurs with sudden onset and is characterized by photophobia, lacrimation, and eye pain. The vestibuloauditory dysfunction is usually bilateral, presenting with tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss, and acute episodes of vertigo.

  9. 9.

    Relapsing polychondritis: a degenerative disease of cartilage producing a bizarre form of arthritis, with collapse of the ears, the cartilaginous portion of the nose, and the tracheobronchial tree; death may occur from chronic infection or suffocation because of loss of stability in the tracheobronchial tree; of autosomal origin. Stedman’s Online Medical Dictionary.

Abbreviations

AIED:

Autoimmune inner ear disease

NSHL:

Non-syndromic hearing loss

SHL:

Syndromic hearing loss

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany

    Tobias Kleinjung

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  1. Tobias Kleinjung
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USAUSA

    Aage R. Møller

  2. Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Berthold Langguth

  3. BRAI2N/TRI Tinnitus Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium

    Dirk De Ridder

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Tobias Kleinjung

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Kleinjung, T. (2011). Conductive and Cochlear Hearing Loss. In: Møller, A.R., Langguth, B., De Ridder, D., Kleinjung, T. (eds) Textbook of Tinnitus. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_34

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