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Renal Stones

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Urinary Tract Stone Disease

Abstract

Renal stone disease is a significant and worldwide health problem, and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) has revolutionized the treatment for most patients with urolithiasis since its introduction in the early 1980s. In SWL, shock waves are generated by a source external to the patient’s body and are then propagated into the body and focused on a kidney stone. Types of shock-wave generators are the electrohydraulic (spark gap) generator, the electromagnetic generator, and the piezoelectric generator. Imaging used during SWL includes fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, and combination of both fluoroscopy and ultrasonography. Initial SWL treatment required general or regional anesthesia, but the development of new-generation lithotripters has led to the reduction of shock wave–induced pain, thus minimizing the anesthetic requirement. Complications of SWL are mainly those related to stone fragments, infectious complications, and tissue damage through SWL. Contraindications to SWL treatment are pregnancy, blood clotting disorders, urinary tract infection, aortic and/or renal artery aneurysms, severe obesity, and certain malformations. Today, about 80% of all urinary stones and the majority of kidney stones can be successfully treated with SWL in a minimally invasive fashion. Most renal stones in adults can be treated in a day case setting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK

    Tamer El-Husseiny

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  1. Tamer El-Husseiny
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  2. Athanasios Papatsoris
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  3. Junaid Masood
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  4. Noor N. P. Buchholz
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Correspondence to Tamer El-Husseiny .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Urology, Spire Manchester Hospital, Russell Road, Manchester, M16 8AJ, United Kingdom

    Nagaraja P. Rao

  2. Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, USA

    Glenn M. Preminger

  3. Department of Urology, South Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, M20 2LR, United Kingdom

    John P. Kavanagh

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El-Husseiny, T., Papatsoris, A., Masood, J., Buchholz, N.N.P. (2010). Renal Stones. In: Rao, N., Preminger, G., Kavanagh, J. (eds) Urinary Tract Stone Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-362-0_39

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-362-0_39

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