Abstract
Aortopulmonary (AP) window, a communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk in the presence of two separate arterial valves, is a relatively rare cardiac malformation, accounting for 0.1– 0.6% of all cases of congenital heart disease [1–6]. As the natural history of AP window is similar to that of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) or a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), early recognition is particularly important to allow for surgical closure before the development of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD) [1, 3–6, 7–9]. AP windows do not close spontaneously, nor do they show diminution of size with time and growth [1, 3]. It is frequently (47–77% of cases) associated with other cardiac defects [1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10]; including aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery, type A interruption of the aortic arch, right and double aortic arch, Tetralogy of Fallot, anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery, VSD, pulmonary or aortic atresia, transposition of the great arteries, and tricuspid atresia [1–3, 7, 8, 11–13].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bagtharia R, Trivedi KR, Burkhart HM, et al. Outcomes for patients with an aortopulmonary window, and the impact of associated cardiovascular lesions. Cardiol Young. 2004;14:473-480.
Botura EM, Piazzalunga M, Barutta F Jr, et al. Aortopulmonary window and double aortic arch. A rare association. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2001;77:487-492.
McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Tworetzky W, et al. Early and late results after repair of aortopulmonary septal defect and associated anomalies in infants <6 months of age. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:195-201.
Mert M, Paker T, Akcevin A, et al. Diagnosis, management, and results of treatment for aortopulmonary window. Cardiol Young. 2004;14:506-511.
Mori K, Ando M, Takao A, et al. Distal type of aortopulmonary window. Report of 4 cases. Br Heart J. 1978;40: 681-689.
Tkebuchava T, von Segesser LK, Vogt PR, et al. Congenital aortopulumonary window: diagnosis, surgical technique and long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;11:293-297.
Bhan A, Gupta M, Abraham S, et al. Surgical experience of aortopulmonary window repair in infants. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2007;6:200-203.
Jansen C, Hruda J, Rammeloo L, et al. Surgical repair of aortopulmonary window: thirty-seven years of experience. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006;27:552-556.
van Son JA, Puga FJ, Danielson GK, et al. Aortopulmonary window: factors associated with early and late success after surgical treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68:128-133.
Kutsche LM, Van Mierop LH. Anatomy and pathogenesis of aorticopulmonary septal defect. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59: 443-447.
Greenway SC, Bradley TJ, Caldarone CA, et al. Aortopulmonary window with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: two cases highlighting the importance of complete pre-operative echocardiographic evaluation of the coronary arteries in all conotruncal anomalies. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7: 379-382.
Wong MN, Chan LG, Sim KH. Interrupted aortic arch and aortopulmonary window demonstrated on 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography. Heart. 2007;93:95.
Berry TE, Bharati S, Muster AJ, et al. Distal aortopulmonary septal defect, aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery, intact ventricular septum, patent ductus arteriosus and hypoplasia of the aortic isthmus: a newly recognized syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:108-116.
Besson WT 3rd, Kirby ML, Van Mierop LH, et al. Effects of the size of lesions of the cardiac neural crest at various embryonic ages on incidence and type of cardiac defects. Circulation. 1986;73:360-364.
Lindsay EA. Chromosomal microdeletions: dissecting del22q11 syndrome. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2:858-868.
Takahashi K, Kido S, Hoshino K, et al. Frequency of a 22q11 deletion in patients with conotruncal cardiac malformations: a prospective study. Eur J Pediat. 1995;154:878-881.
Hew CC, Bacha EA, Zurakowski D, et al. Optimal surgical approach for repair of aortopulmonary window. Cardiol Young. 2001;11:385-390.
Jacobs JP, Quintessenza JA, Gaynor JW, et al. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: aortopulmonary window. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:S44-S49.
Richardson JV, Doty DB, Rossi NP, et al. The spectrum of anomalies of aortopulmonary septation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1979;78:21-27.
Apitz C, Kaulitz R, Sieverding L, et al. Echocardiographic diagnosis of the aorto-pulmonary window. Ultraschall Med. 2007;28:189-194.
Chen FL, Ge S. Aortopulmonary window demonstrated by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:1314 e1317-e1318.
Wernovsky G, Rubenstein SD, Spray TL. Cardiac surgery in the low-birth weight neonate. New approaches. Clin Perinatol. 2001;28:249-264.
Chang AC, Atz AM, Wernovsky G, et al. Milrinone: systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects in neonates after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1907-1914.
Backer CL, Mavroudis C. Surgical management of aortopulmonary window: a 40-year experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21:773-779.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moguillansky, D., Muñoz, R., Morell, V.O. (2009). Aortopulmonary Window. In: Munoz, R., Morell, V., Cruz, E., Vetterly, C. (eds) Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-262-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-262-7_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-261-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-262-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)