Abstract
This lead symptom is more significant and universal than arthralgias, and applies most predominantly to the problems of arthrological, as well as musculoskeletal and orthopedical disorders, described in this section. It is the initial diagnostic opening to further concepts, whereby consideration must always be given to neurological diseases and conditions, circulatory disorders, and virtually the entire scope of internal medicine (pulmonary, cardiological, gastrointestinal, nephrological, hematological, infectious diseases and conditions), but also psychosomatics (trauma) surgery and gynecology.
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Notes
- 1.
also applies to other sections of the spine
References
Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al. The European Spondylarthropathy Study Group: preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1218-1227.
Schwarz-Eywill M, Friedberg R, Stösslein F, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis at the cervical spine an underestimated problem. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2005;130:1866-1870 [German].
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Benenson, E. (2011). Diseases of the Spine. In: Rheumatology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-462-3_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-462-3_2
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