Birth Injuries

Abstract

Failure of anti-gravity biceps recovery by 3–6 months is an indication for microsurgery in BPBB. Gleno-humeral malformation is a well studied phenomenon. Treatment for brachial plexus sequelae is aimed at recreation of anatomy as well as missing functions for activities of daily living. Extra-articular procedures for treating shoulder sequelae using powerful motors like teres major and lattisimus dorsi dominate the scene in combination with adductor and internal rotator release, with reduction of the gleno-humeral joint.It is important to investigate for neurogenic, psychogenic and ocular causes of torticollis. Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement must be considered in recent onset torticollis with presence of pain. Stretching exercises are usually unsuccessful after one year of age in congenital muscular torticollis. Surgery may be unipolar or bipolar release.