Abstract
This chapter considers the causes of developing laterality and adopts a multi-factorial perspective . It reviews genetic and environmental contributions, in particular. Genetically, simple Mendelian models do not work, and polygenetic models have more traction. But any one allele suggested as influencing handedness and related lateralities explains very little of the data. Environmental factors include the influence of culture; for example, some cultures might train out left-handedness. Also, parents might model more right-handedness. Further, stress can have indirect environmental effects , such as influencing laterality development prenatally or through early postnatal adversity. Epigenetics provides one influence on laterality development and is burgeoning in the research undertaken. Epigenesis concerns silencing the promoter region of alleles that contributes to a behavioral or nervous system characteristic, such as handedness, for example, through DNA methylation . Stress could be one factor in this gene silencing process . The result is that the alleles involved do not transcribe the proteins to which their function is dedicated, thereby altering development. The chapter concludes with research on cultural neuroscience, illustrating how laterality is influenced by culture , depending on differential neuroscientific /brain patterns over culture . These findings illustrate that laterality development is a biopsychosocial expression as much as other areas of development.
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Young, G. (2019). Multi-factorial Causality in Laterality. In: Causality and Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02493-2_6
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