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Exercise, Gene Regulation, and Cardiometabolic Disease

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Abstract

Functions in all tissues depend on proteins that are produced through the process of transcription of genes, i.e., gene expression. The regulation of gene expression in the human body is a complex network that encompasses the entire central dogma of cell biology. Gene expression can be regulated at the transcriptomic level through epigenetic silencing of genes as well as through the promotion of gene expression with the binding of transcription factors. Gene expression can also be altered following the production of mature messenger RNA transcripts. This chapter will detail genes which are misregulated in cardiometabolic disease and how the aberrant expression of these genes results in metabolic issues. Additionally, we highlight that exercise can positively influence several of the same molecular pathways that are negatively affected in CMD. Furthermore, we discuss how these beneficial changes are all done through the regulation of gene expression and how differences between individuals can influence the effects of exercise.

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Abbreviations

CMD:

Cardiometabolic disease

miRNA:

MicroRNA

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

T2D:

Type II diabetes

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

HATs:

Histone acetyltransferases

HDACs:

Histone deacetylases

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden

    Mark A. Chapman

  2. Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Mark A. Chapman

  3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Carl Johan Sundberg

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  1. Mark A. Chapman
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Correspondence to Carl Johan Sundberg .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Rutgers University Department of Kinesiology and Health, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

    Peter Kokkinos

  2. Clinical Research Institute of Northern Virginia, Burke, VA, USA

    Puneet Narayan

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Chapman, M.A., Sundberg, C.J. (2019). Exercise, Gene Regulation, and Cardiometabolic Disease. In: Kokkinos, P., Narayan, P. (eds) Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_2

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