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Maize Production Under Salinity and Drought Conditions: Oxidative Stress Regulation by Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems

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Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Abstract

Soil salinity and drought are major stresses that limit crop growth and production. In recent years, these effects have become more alarming because of forthcoming climate changes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative stress in plants. To combat the situation, scientists have made significant progress in varietal improvement, as well as in understanding the tolerance mechanism. Being a C4 crop, maize is thought to be comparatively less affected by ROS, which comprise singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), perhydroxy radicals (HO2•), and alkoxy radicals (RO•). Plants possess their own internal enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to keep the damage down by regulating ROS. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR). On the other hand, methylglyoxal (MG), a potential cytotoxic component, is produced as a result of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways in a plant cell. These must be detoxified/declined for cellular survival. Two enzymes—glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase ll (Gly II)—are important for MG detoxification. In this chapter, we review and discuss the present circumstances of maize production and recent progress in varietal improvement for drought and salt tolerance, emphasizing how ROS and MG are regulated in a plant cell by the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase pathways. We also focus on recent approaches to attenuation of oxidative stress in maize plants grown under salinity and drought conditions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Information collected from the Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

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Acknowledgement:

The authors acknowledged the research grant of Sub-project CRG-389, NATP-2 for SOD and APX isozymes analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Md. Motiar Rohman, Md. Robyul Islam, Tahia Naznin, Sumaiya Haque Omy, Shahnewaz Begum, Sadia Sabrina Alam & Mohammad Amiruzzaman

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md. Motiar Rohman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  3. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Hesham F. Alharby

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Rohman, M.M. et al. (2019). Maize Production Under Salinity and Drought Conditions: Oxidative Stress Regulation by Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Hakeem, K., Nahar, K., Alharby, H. (eds) Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0_1

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