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Pietro Blaserna and the Birth of the Institute of Physics in Rome

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Abstract

Blaserna’s appointment as senator by royal decree on 4 December 1890 was announced in the session of 11 December.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    By that same decree no fewer than eighty-six Senators were appointed; amongst them the names stand out of other illustrious protagonists of cultural events in Italy at that time: Giulio Bizzozero , Emanuele Paternò, Giovanni Capellini and Giosuè Carducci .

  2. 2.

    Within the Senate he carried out several roles: Member of the Finance Committee (18 March 1896–17 May 1900) (20 June 1900–18 October 1904) (6 December 1904–8 February 1909) (29 March 1909–29 September 1913) (2 December 1913–26 February 1918); Member of the Committee to examine the draft law “Establishment of an ultra powerful radiotelegraphic station (Marconi system)” (18 March 1903); Chairman of the Prosecution Commission of the High Court of Justice (9 December 1904–8 February 1909) (29 March 1909–26 February 1918); Vice Chairman of the Finance Committee (13 December 1905–8 February 1909) (29 March 1909–29 September 1913) (2 December 1913–26 February 1918); Member of the Committee to examine the draft law “Conversion of the consolidated 5% gross and 4% net bonds” (29 June 1906); Vigilance Commissioner on transfers and on Issuing Institutions (19 December 1901–6 February 1902) (8–9 December 1904. Resigned).

  3. 3.

    The University Battalion was made up of students, as troops, commanded by their teachers and professors as officers. At the battle of Curtatone and Montanara, in the Po valley, Leopoldo Pilla, professor of Geology at Pisa University, was killed together with several students.

  4. 4.

    C. Matteucci a M. Faraday, 6 giugno 1848, quoted in M. Leone —A. Paoletti —N. Robotti, I fisici e il Risorgimento, «Il Nuovo Saggiatore», 27, N. 2–3, 2011, p. 30.

  5. 5.

    U. Bottazzini – P. Nastasi La patria ci vuole eroi. Matematici e vita politica nell’Italia del Risorgimento, Bologna, Zanichelli, 2013.

  6. 6.

    The Destra (Right), later called the Destra Storica or Historical Right, was an Italian political grouping that emerged in 1849 with the governments of Massimo d’Azeglio and, in 1852, with Camillo Benso count of Cavour. It was one of the main Italian political formations in the period between the Unification of Italy and the early years of the twentieth century. The age of the Destra ended in 1876 with the Minghetti government. It accomplished many results: first of all the Unification of Italy, achieved in 1861 and brought to its conclusion in 1870 with the breach of Porta Pia, a gate in the Aurelian Walls of Rome, and the capture of the city.

  7. 7.

    G. Paoloni Ricerca e istituzioni nell’Italia liberale, in Ricerca e Istituzioni scientifiche in Italia, edited by R. Simili, Rome-Bari, Laterza, 1998, p. 113.

  8. 8.

    V. Volterra, Le matematiche in Italia nella seconda metà del secolo XIX, in Opere matematiche, 5 voll., Roma, 1954–62, III, pp. 253–254.

  9. 9.

    Archivio Centrale dello Stato (ACS), Ministero della Pubblica Istrution (MPI), Personale, 282, il Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione al Rettore dell’Università di Palermo, Firenze, 2 luglio 1866.

  10. 10.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XVII, Tornata del 19 febbraio 1892, p. 2296.

  11. 11.

    Ibid., p. 2295.

  12. 12.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXII, Tornata del 1 luglio 1908, pp. 9628–9629.

  13. 13.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXII, Tornata del 7 dicembre 1904, p. 104.

  14. 14.

    Ibid., pp. 104–105.

  15. 15.

    Ibid., p. 105.

  16. 16.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXIII, Tornata del 13 luglio 1911, pp. 6871–6872. In 1905 a Royal Commission was instituted by the minister Bianchi to outline a new organisation of secondary education, chaired by Blaserna. For this we refer to E.M. Bruni , Greco e latino: le lingue classiche nella scuola italiana (1860–2005), Roma, Armando, 2005.

  17. 17.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXI, Tornata del 23 dicembre1903, Stato di previsione della spesa del Ministero dell’istruzione pubblica per l’esercizio finanziario 1903–1904, p. 3163.

  18. 18.

    «The Chamber invites the minister of education to present a draft law in which all the works required to carry out the construction of university scientific premises be determined, and that the necessary sum for this purpose be asked for, including it in several budgets», ibid, p. 3162.

  19. 19.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXIII, Tornata del 4 febbraio1911, Stato di previsione della spesa del Ministero dei lavori pubblici per l’esercizio finanziario 1910–1911, p. 4334.

  20. 20.

    P. Blaserna, Sull’impianto del servizio geodinamico in Italia, «Rendiconti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali», s. 4, IV, 1° sem., 1888, pp. 774–782.

  21. 21.

    L. Palazzo, Pietro Blaserna e gli studi geofisici in Italia, «Bollettino della Società sismologica italiana», vol. 22, fasc. 3-4, 1919, p. 196.

  22. 22.

    See S. Linguerri , Tempi e forme dell’associazionismo scientifico, in Scienza e cultura dell’Italia unita, edited by F. Cassata e C. Pogliano, Storia d’Italia, Annali 26, Torino, Einaudi, 2011, pp. 83-101.

  23. 23.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XVII, Tornata del 22 giugno 1891, p. 957.

  24. 24.

    Ibid.

  25. 25.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXI, Tornata del 8 maggio 1901, Discusso del progetto di legge “Consorzi di difesa contro la grandine”, pp. 1522–1533.

  26. 26.

    L. Palazzo, Pietro Blaserna e gli studi geofisici in Italia, cit., pp. 197–199.

  27. 27.

    Ibid., p. 1526.

  28. 28.

    Ibid.

  29. 29.

    Sulle esperienze degli spari contro la grandine eseguiti in Castelfranco Veneto negli anni 1902–1906, «Rendiconti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali», s. 5, XV, 1906, pp. 680–682.

  30. 30.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXI, Tornata del 23 maggio 1904, p. 3926.

  31. 31.

    Ibid.

  32. 32.

    P. Blaserna, La radiotelegrafia Marconi. Relazione presentata nella tornata del 24 marzo 1903 al Senato del Regno, Roma, Tip. del Senato, 1903. In Parliament the draft law was read and unanimously approved on 20 February 1903 while on 16 February a convention between Tancredi Galimberti , Minister of Posts and Telegraphs and Marconi was drawn up to establish an extra powerful radiotelegraphy post in Italy. For this see: La Radiotelegrafia Marconi in Parlamento, Ministero delle Poste e dei Telegrafi, Roma, Forzani e C. tipografi del Senato, 1903.

  33. 33.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXIV, Tornata del 27 febbraio 1918, Commemorazioni, p. 41.

  34. 34.

    See Accademia Nazionale delle scienze detta dei XL, Fondo Augusto Righi, UA 37, lettere n. 165 e 166. P. Blaserna a A. Righi, Roma, 6 May 1901 e P. Blaserna a A. Righi, Roma, 22 maggio 1901.

  35. 35.

    Proposta della II Categoria della Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali di un premio Santoro, da conferirsi in via straordinaria e fuori concorso a Guglielmo Marconi, Adunanza solenne del 1 giugno 1902, «Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Rendiconto dell’adunanza solenne», vol. II, 1902–1914, pp. 49–50.

  36. 36.

    The project envisaged an expenditure of 800,000 Lire from the budget of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs for the establishment of the station that was intended to create a communications network both with an analogous station that should be set up at the same time in South America and with other stations that already existed or that would be built from then on.

  37. 37.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXI, Tornata del 30 marzo 1903, pp. 1971–1980.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., p. 1972.

  39. 39.

    Ibid.

  40. 40.

    Ibid., p. 1975.

  41. 41.

    Ibid., p. 1978.

  42. 42.

    La Radiotelegrafia Marconi in Parlamento, cit., p. 145.

  43. 43.

    Ibid., p. 80.

  44. 44.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXII, Tornata del 20 giugno 1908, p. 8987.

  45. 45.

    Ibid., p. 8985.

  46. 46.

    Ibid., pp. 8984–8985.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., p. 8986.

  48. 48.

    Atti Parlamentari, Senato del Regno, Legislatura XXIV, Tornata del 27 febbraio 1918, Commemorazioni, p. 4101.

  49. 49.

    Ibid., p. 4102.

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  1. Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy

    Miriam Focaccia

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Focaccia, M. (2019). Senator. In: Pietro Blaserna and the Birth of the Institute of Physics in Rome. Springer Biographies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10825-0_6

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