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Vascular Effects of Progestogens

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Sex Steroids' Effects on Brain, Heart and Vessels

Part of the book series: ISGE Series ((ISGE))

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Abstract

Epidemiological, experimental, and biologic plausibility support a cardioprotective effect of estrogens in women. Indeed, women are protected until the menopause from the development of coronary artery disease and lag behind men in the incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden death by 20 years. Estradiol (E2) is implicated in this protective effect since at any age postmenopausal women have a greater cardiovascular risk than premenopausal and oophorectomized women not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Our knowledge regarding the vascular effects of progestogens mainly originates from studies using HRT. Progestogen effects, which are summarized in this review, were assessed according to clinical endpoints, metabolic effects, and influence on vascular markers in vitro or in vivo, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Xiangyan Ruan & Alfred O. Mueck

  2. Department of Women’s Health, University Hospitals of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

    Xiangyan Ruan & Alfred O. Mueck

Authors
  1. Xiangyan Ruan
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  2. Alfred O. Mueck
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Correspondence to Alfred O. Mueck .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Innovation in Brain Sciencies-Department of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Roberta Diaz Brinton

  2. International School for Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology, International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, Locarno, Switzerland

    Andrea R. Genazzani

  3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Tommaso Simoncini

  4. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

    John C. Stevenson

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© 2019 International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

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Ruan, X., Mueck, A.O. (2019). Vascular Effects of Progestogens. In: Brinton, R., Genazzani, A., Simoncini, T., Stevenson, J. (eds) Sex Steroids' Effects on Brain, Heart and Vessels. ISGE Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11355-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11355-1_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11354-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11355-1

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