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Mycorrhizal Studies in Temperate Rainforests of Southern Chile

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Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Old-growth temperate rainforests, located at the Patagonian and Valdivian regions of southern Chile and Argentina, represent unique ecosystems in South America. These forests are characterized by a large amount of precipitation, with very little to none atmospheric pollution, and a flora derived from Gondwanian elements. The mycorrhizal traits of the dominant plants of these ecosystems are also exceptional: the angiosperm Nothofagus spp. associates with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, while the native conifer species associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, an opposite pattern to that of the Northern hemisphere. On this chapter we present an overview of the mycorrhizal types of 245 vascular plant species, where 187 species associate with AM fungi, seven with EM fungi, 14 with other mycorrhizal types, and 37 plant species are non-mycorrhizal. On these southern Chile ecosystems, we also show the role of mycorrhizal fungi on crucial ecosystem processes, as biogenic weathering, and their potential use as ecological restoration tools for the re-establishment of native flora. Specifically, we found that the co-inoculation of two EM fungi species significantly increases the growth of Nothofagus spp. as compared to singular inoculations. On these temperate rainforests, mycorrhizal fungi play key roles on nutrient cycling, maintenance of biodiversity, and ecosystem productivity.

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Acknowledgments

R.G and C.M. were funded by the project Fondecyt 1190642. C.M. was funded by the Universidad de O’Higgins post-doctoral research fund. Special thanks to Dr. Jens Boy for support in the laboratory at the Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile

    Roberto Godoy

  2. Universidad de O’Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O Higgins 611, Rancagua, Chile

    César Marín

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  1. Roberto Godoy
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  2. César Marín
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Correspondence to Roberto Godoy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Marcela C. Pagano

  2. Biological Sciences, National University of San Luis, Grupo MICODIF (Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas)/IMIBIO (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas)-CONICET-CCT SL, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

    Mónica A. Lugo

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Godoy, R., Marín, C. (2019). Mycorrhizal Studies in Temperate Rainforests of Southern Chile. In: Pagano, M., Lugo, M. (eds) Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_16

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