Abstract
Throughout Eurasia, steppes are preserved in forms of small fragmented areas within the landscapes of tilled fields, fallow lands, pastures, and infrastructural complexes. In Kulunda, steppes are preserved owing to the areas of alkaline steppe with saline soil complexes as well as secondary steppes formed in uncultivated lands. Intensive agriculture in the steppe and forest-steppe areas of Kulunda exerts the most significant impact such as total plowing of fertile lands, overgrazing by excessively numerous livestock, and inadequate agricultural technologies for certain agroclimatic and landscape-ecological conditions. This led to a whole range of consequences: destruction, fragmentation, and ecotonization of steppe communities, direct extermination of key plant species, forest and birch kolki clearance, biota unification and introduction of alien species, reduction of species and cenotic diversity in steppes as well as destruction of their structure and loss of self-regeneration and self-regulation ability. The start of human influence dates back to the Neolithic age (the cattle-raising stage of the territory development). However, the most devastating impact began in the twentieth century with the arable farming stage. Almost all tillable lands were plowed at the time of Stolypin’s agrarian reform in the beginning of the twentieth century and during the years of Khrushchev’s land reclamation campaign 1954–1955. Nowadays, agroecosystems have been formed in the places of former natural steppe ecosystems. The influence of agricultural reclamation on the vegetation cover and biodiversity distribution in the steppe and forest-steppe areas of Kulunda is to a large extent studied and documented.
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Silantyeva, M.M., Elesova, N.V., Hensen, I., Terekhina, T.A., Grebennikova, A.Y., Ovcharova, N.V. (2020). Influence of Agricultural Reclamation on Vegetation Cover and Biodiversity in the Forests and Steppes of Kulunda. In: Frühauf, M., Guggenberger, G., Meinel, T., Theesfeld, I., Lentz, S. (eds) KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture. Innovations in Landscape Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15927-6_10
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