Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Using a Mix of Three Microbial Strains on Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Grass Silage

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Recent Researches in Earth and Environmental Sciences

  • 226 Accesses

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using a mix of Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum, L. casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as silage inoculate to meadow grass on silage fermentation characteristics, silage quality and aerobic stability. A sample of Meadow grass (MG) was collected directly from the forage harvester during a first cut harvest. The fresh, chopped MG sample was divided into 2 equal portions and either treated with the test additive (EM) or received an equal volume of water (control). The dosage of EM Silage was based on 80 ml per ton product. Samples were analysed statistically as randomise complete (1 × 2) design using an ANOVA procedure of Genstat 15. Ensiled sample was found to have lower dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and yeasts count, and higher mould count compared fresh samples. Additionally, treating MG with EM increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids (tVFA), acetic and propionic acids and total alcohol by approximately (25, 27, 47, 300% respectively) and reduced lactic acid by approximately 13% compared to control samples. Aerobic stability results showed that control MG treatment reached a temperature 3 °C above ambient in ~6.8 days whereas the EM treated MG took approximately 14 days get to the same temperature after exposing to air. Therefore, using this mix of inoculate would enhance silage quality and protect silage from aerobic deterioration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Merry, R.J., Davies, D.R.: Propionibacteria and their role in the biological control of aerobic spoilage in silage. Le Lait 79(1), 149–164 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jones, R.: Understanding the Processes of Protein Degradation in Forage Crops Provides Opportunities for Improved Silage Quality and Enhanced Animal Production. Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK (Courtesy of Alltech Inc.) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pitt, E.R. and Shaver, R.D.: Proceedings of Dairy Feeding Systems Symposium, Harrisburg, USA (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hart, K.J.: Evaluation of Ensiled Whole-Crop Legumes for Ruminants. Open University (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Taha, V.: Effect of Supplemental Tannin on Silage Quality and Animal Performance. Harper Adams University (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wilkinson, J., Davies, D.: The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass Forage Sci. 68(1), 1–19 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Salawu, M.B., Warren, E.H., Adesogan, A.T.: Fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and ruminal degradation of ensiled pea/wheat bi-crop forages treated with two microbial inoculants, formic acid or quebracho tannins. J. Sci. Food Agric. 81(13), 1263–1268 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Duniere, L., Jin, L., Smiley, B., Qi, M., Rutherford, W., Wang, Y., McAllister, T.: Impact of adding Saccharomyces strains on fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritive value, and select lactobacilli populations in corn silage. J. Anim. Sci. 93(5), 2322–2335 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Amanullah, S., Kim, D., Lee, H., Joo, Y., Kim, S., Kim, S.: Effects of microbial additives on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of barley silage. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 27(4), 511 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim, D.H., Amanullah, S.M., Lee, H.J., Joo, Y.H., Han, O.K., Adesogan, A.T., Kim, S.C.: Effects of hybrid and bacterial inoculation on fermentation quality and fatty acid profile of barley silage. Anim. Sci. J. 89(1), 140–148 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Davies, D., Merry, R., Williams, A., Bakewell, E.L., Leemans, D., Tweed, J.: Proteolysis during ensilage of forages varying in soluble sugar content. J. Dairy Sci. 81(2), 444–453 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lettat, A., Nozière, P., Silberberg, M., Morgavi, D.P., Berger, C., Martin, C.: Rumen microbial and fermentation characteristics are affected differently by bacterial probiotic supplementation during induced lactic and subacute acidosis in sheep. BMC Microbiol. 12(1), 142 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. MAFF: The analysis of agriculture materials. In: Edition, r. (ed.) Food, Reference Book: Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, HMSO, London (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Horwitz, W.: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th edn. Association of Analytical Chemists International, Gaithersburg, MD (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Borreani, G., Tabacco, E.: Improving corn silage quality in the top layer of farm bunker silos through the use of a next-generation barrier film with high impermeability to oxygen. J. Dairy Sci. 97(4), 2415–2426 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Canale, A., Valente, M.E., Ciotti, A.: Determination of volatile carboxylic acids (C1–C5i) and lactic acid in aqueous acid extracts of silage by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35(11), 1178–1182 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cruwys, J., Dinsdale, R., Hawkes, F., Hawkes, D.: Development of a static headspace gas chromatographic procedure for the routine analysis of volatile fatty acids in wastewaters. J. Chromatogr. A 945(1–2), 195–209 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mayne, C., Gordon, F.: Effect of harvesting system on nutrient losses during silage making. 2. In‐silo losses. Grass Forage Sci. 41(4), 341–351 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wambacq, E., Latré, J.P., Haesaert, G.: The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass, red clover and maize silage. Agric. Food Sci. 22(1), 127–136 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Reich, L.J., Kung Jr., L.: Effects of combining Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 with various lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 159(3–4), 105–109 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zahiroddini, H., Baah, J., McAllister, T.: Effects of microbial inoculants on the fermentation, nutrient retention, and aerobic stability of barley silage. Asian Australas. J. Anim Sci. 19(10), 1429–1436 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Baah, J., Addah, W., Okine, E., McAllister, T.: Effects of homolactic bacterial inoculant alone or combined with an anionic surfactant on fermentation, aerobic stability and in situ ruminal degradability of barley silage. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24(3), 369–378 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Shah, A., Xianjun, Y., Zhihao, D., Siran, W., Tao, S.: Effects of lactic acid bacteria on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition and aerobic stability of king grass. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 3, 747–755 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Owens, V., Albrecht, K., Muck, R.: Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day. Grass Forage Sci. 57(4), 329–341 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, L., Yu, C., Shimojo, M., Shao, T.: Effect of different rates of ethanol additive on fermentation quality of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum). Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24(5), 636–642 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pedroso, A.d.F., Nussio, L.G., Paziani, S.d.F., Loures, D.R.S., Igarasi, M.S., Coelho, R.M., Packer, I.H., Horii, J., Gomes, L.H.: Fermentation and epiphytic microflora dynamics in sugar cane silage. Sci. Agricola 62(5), 427–432 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Driehuis, F., Elferink, S.O., Van Wikselaar, P.: Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of grass silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Grass Forage Sci. 56(4), 330–343 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Li, Y., Wang, F., Nishino, N.: Lactic acid bacteria in total mixed ration silage containing soybean curd residue: their isolation, identification and ability to inhibit aerobic deterioration. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 29(4), 516 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E., Danner, H., Braun, R.: The role of Lactobacillus buchneri in forage preservation. Trends Biotechnol. 21(6), 282–287 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Schmidt, R., Hu, W., Mills, J., Kung Jr., L.: The development of lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus buchneri and their effects on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. J. Dairy Sci. 92(10), 5005–5010 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Vahel Jaladet Taha

Authors
  1. Vahel Jaladet Taha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vahel Jaladet Taha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zakho, Iraq

    Yaseen T. Mustafa

  2. University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq

    Sattar Sadkhan

  3. Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Iraq

    Subhi Zebari

  4. University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq

    Karwan Jacksi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Taha, V.J. (2019). Using a Mix of Three Microbial Strains on Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Grass Silage. In: Mustafa, Y., Sadkhan, S., Zebari, S., Jacksi, K. (eds) Recent Researches in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18641-8_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation