Skip to main content

The Worldeater(s) in Process: Uncovering the Nexus of Conventional and ‘Green’ Extraction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Violent Technologies of Extraction

Abstract

This chapter interrogates the subtle shifts and blurring lines between conventional extraction—mineral and hydrocarbon—and ‘green’ extraction—intensive agriculture and renewable energy. Through the careful assembly of extensive amounts of empirics straddling these modalities of extraction, we identify and uncover a crucial nexus. We argue that this nexus is key in animating the present imperative of total extractivism. The nexus further reveals the violent technologies of extraction at work as it lays out further dimensions of the organization of the rapaciously devouring machinery spreading its grid across ever-increasing portions of the earth. The chapter thus traces the infrastructure—the ‘body’ of the Worldeater(s)—through mines, plantations, factory farms and renewable energy to chart the formation and/or spread of the Worldeater.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See Chap. 3 and Rodgers and O’Neill’s (2012) on Infrastructural Violence.

  2. 2.

    It is thus not coincidental that the ‘game’ of naming our current epoch of techno-capitalist industrial development includes not only the Capitalocene (Moore 2015) but also the ‘Plantationocene’ (Haraway 2015) among others.

  3. 3.

    These numbers do not include sea animals and thus ‘do not illustrate the full scale of death’ (Wadiwel 2015: 6).

  4. 4.

    See Dalby (2015).

Bibliography

  • Acosta, A. (2013 [2011]). Extractivism and Neoextractivism: Two Sides of the Same Curse. In M. Lang & D. Mokrani (Eds.), Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America (pp. 61–86). Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M., Solangi, K., Hossain, M., et al. (2015). A Review of Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) Issues of Solar Energy System. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 1190–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avila, S. (2018). Environmental Justice and the Expanding Geography of Wind Power Conflicts. Sustainability Science 13(3), 599–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baka, J. (2017). Making Space for Energy: Wasteland Development, Enclosures, and Energy Dispossessions. Antipode, 49, 977–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bebbington, A. (2012). Social Conflict, Economic Development and the Extractive Industry: Evidence from South America. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernays, E. (2005 [1928]). Propaganda, with an Introduction by Michal Crispin. New York: Ig Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, H. (2010). Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change. London: Kumarian Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birss, M. (2017). Criminalizing Environmental Activism: As Threats to the Environment Increase Across Latin America, New Laws and Police Practices Take Aim Against the Front Line Activists Defending Their Land and Resources. NACLA Report on the Americas, 49(3), 315–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneuil, C., & Fressoz, J.-B. (2016). The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History and Us. New York: Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookchin, M. (1996). The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. Montreal: Black Rose Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borras, S. M., & Franco, J. (2013). Global Land Grabbing and Political Reactions ‘From Below’. Third World Quarterly, 34, 1723–1747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, A., & Dunlap, A. (2018). Normalising Corporate Counterinsurgency: Engineering Consent, Managing Resistance and Greening Destruction Around the Hambach Coal Mine and Beyond. Political Geography, 62, 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Büscher, B., & Davidov, V. (2013). The Ecotourism-Extraction Nexus: Political Economies and Rural Realities of (Un)Comfortable Bedfellows. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chigumira, E. (2018). Political Ecology of Agrarian Transformation: The Nexus of Mining and Agriculture in Sanyati District, Zimbabwe. Journal of Rural Studies, 61, 265–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collard, R.-C. (2015). Ethics in the Human. In T. Perreault et al. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology (pp. 127–139). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, A. C., & Monaghan, J. (2018). Policing Indigenous Movements: Dissent and the Security State. Black Point: Fernwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Alisa, G., Demaria, F., & Kallis, G. (2014). Degrowth: A Vocabulary for a New Era. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, S. (2015). Geoengineering: The Next Era of Geopolitics? Geography Compass, 9, 190–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demaria, F., & Kothari, A. (2017). The Post-Development Dictionary Agenda: Paths to the Pluriverse. Third World Quarterly, 38, 2588–2599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dıez, M., Alvarez, R., & Barriocanal, C. (2002). Coal for Metallurgical Coke Production: Predictions of Coke Quality and Future Requirements for Cokemaking. International Journal of Coal Geology, 50, 389–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, R. (2015). Nature-Based Tourism and Neoliberalism: Concealing Contradictions. Tourism Geographies, 17, 529–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2017a). ‘The Town Is Surrounded’: From Climate Concerns to Life Under Wind Turbines in La Ventosa, Mexico. Human Geography, 10, 16–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2018a). Counterinsurgency for Wind Energy: The Bíi Hioxo Wind Park in Juchitán, Mexico. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 45, 630–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2018b). Insurrection for Land, Sea and Dignity: Resistance and Autonomy Against Wind Energy in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico. Journal of Political Ecology, 25, 120–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2018c). The ‘Solution’ Is Now the ‘Problem’: Wind Energy, Colonization and the ‘Genocide-Ecocide Nexus’ in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. The International Journal of Human Rights, 42, 550–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2018d). “A Bureaucratic Trap”: Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and Wind Energy Development in Juchitán, Mexico. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 29, 88–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2018e). Reconsidering the Logistics of Autonomy: Ecological Autonomy, Self-Defense and the Polícia Comunitaria in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico. Retrieved from https://www.tni.org/files/article-downloads/erpi_cp_8_dunlap.pdf.

  • Dunlap, A. (2019a). ‘Agro sí, mina NO!’ The Tía Maria Copper Mine, State Terrorism and Social War by Every Means in the Tambo Valley, Peru. Political Geography, 71, 10–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (2019b). Renewing Destruction: Wind Energy Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. London: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A. (forthcoming). Wind, Coal and Copper: The Politics of Land Grabbing, Counterinsurgency and the Social Engineering of Extraction. Globalizations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A., & Brock, A. (2019). When the Wolf Guards the Sheep: Green Extractivism in Germany and Mexico. In S. Springer, M. Locret, J. Mateer, et al. (Eds.), Anarchist Political Ecology (Vol. 3). Oakland, CA: PM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A., & Fairhead, J. (2014). The Militarisation and Marketisation of Nature: An Alternative Lens to ‘Climate-Conflict’. Geopolitics, 19, 937–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, A., & Sullivan, S. (2019). A Faultline in Neoliberal Environmental Governance Scholarship? Or, Why Accumulation-by-Alienation Matters. Environment & Planning E: Nature and Space, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emel, J., & Eds, H. N. (2015). Political Ecologies of Meat. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escobar, A. (2012 [1995]). Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteva, G. (2014). Commoning in the New Society. Community Development Journal, 49, 144–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairbairn, M., Fox, J., Isakson, S. R., et al. (2014). Introduction: New Directions in Agrarian Political Economy. Journal of Peasant Studies, 41, 653–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finley-Brook, M., & Thomas, C. (2011). Renewable Energy and Human Rights Violations: Illustrative Cases from Indigenous Territories in Panama. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101, 863–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., Dressler, W. H., Anderson, Z. R., et al. (2018). Natural Capital Must Be Defended: Green Growth as Neoliberal Biopolitics. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 46, 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamu, J. K., & Dauvergne, P. (2018). The Slow Violence of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Mining in Peru. Third World Quarterly, 39, 959–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, J.-F. (2011). Conflicts Over Industrial Tree Plantations in the South: Who, How and Why? Global Environmental Change, 21, 165–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giarracca, N., & Teubal, M. (2014). Argentina: Extractivist Dynamics of Soy Production and Open-Pit Mining. In H. Veltmeyer & J. F. Petras (Eds.), The New Extractivism: A Post-Neoliberal Development Model or Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century? (pp. 47–79). London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Hidalgo, M., & Zografos, C. (2017). How Sovereignty Claims and “Negative” Emotions Influence the Process of Subject-Making: Evidence from a Case of Conflict Over Tree Plantations from Southern Chile. Geoforum, 78, 61–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gudynas, E. (2009). Diez tesis urgentes sobre el nuevo extractivismo. In J. Schuldt, A. Acosta, A. Barandiarán, et al. (Eds.), Extractivismo, política y sociedad. Quito: Centro Andino de Acción Popular (CAAP) and Centro Latinoamericano de Ecología Social (CLAES).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudynas, E. (2010). The New Extractivism of the 21st Century: Ten Urgent Theses About Extractivism in Relation to Current South American Progressivism. Americas Program Report, 21, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudynas, E. (2013 [2011]). Debates on Development and Its Alternatives in Latin America: A Brief Heterodox Guide. In M. Lang & D. Mokrani (Eds.), Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America (pp. 15–40). Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guezuraga, B., Zauner, R., & Pölz, W. (2012). Life Cycle Assessment of Two Different 2 MW Class Wind Turbines. Renewable Energy, 37, 37–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, R. (2011). From Cattle to Capital: Exchange Value, Animal Commodification, and Barbarism. Critical Sociology, 39, 259–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R., Edelman, M., Borras, S. M., Jr., Scoones, I., White, B., & Wolford, W. (2015). Resistance, Acquiescence or Incorporation? An Introduction to Land Grabbing and Political Reactions ‘From Below’. Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(3-4), 467–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D., Hirsch, P., & Li, T. M. (2011). Powers of Exclusion: Land Dilemmas in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, D. (2015). Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin. Environmental Humanities, 6(1), 159–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (2003). The New Imperialism. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickel, J. L., & Kallis, G. (2019). Is Green Growth Possible? New Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964.

  • Hill, W., Byrne, J., & de Vasconcellos Pegas, F. (2016). The Ecotourism-Extraction Nexus and Its Implications for the Long-Term Sustainability of Protected Areas: What Is Being Sustained and Who Decides? Journal of Political Ecology, 23, 308–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoenderdaal, S., Espinoza, L. T., Marscheider-Weidemann, F., et al. (2013). Can a Dysprosium Shortage Threaten Green Energy Technologies? Energy, 49, 344–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hribal, J. (2010). Fear of the Animal Planet: The Hidden History of Animal Resistance. Petrolia and Oakland, CA: CounterPunch and AK Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huff, A., & Brock, A. (2017). Intervention—“Accumulation by Restoration: Degradation Neutrality and the Faustian Bargain of Conservation Finance”. Retrieved from https://antipodefoundation.org/2017/11/06/accumulation-by-restoration/.

  • Hunsberger, C., Corbera, E., Borras, S. M., Jr., et al. (2017). Climate Change Mitigation, Land Grabbing and Conflict: Towards a Landscape-Based and Collaborative Action Research Agenda. Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement 38(3), 305–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Illich, I. (1970). Planned Poverty: The End Result of Technical Assistance. In Celebration of Awareness: A Call for Institutional Revolution. London: Marion Boyars.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen, J. (2018). Towards a Gramscian Food Regime Analysis of India’s Agrarian Crisis: Counter-Movements, Petrofarming and Cheap Nature. Geoforum, 90, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen, J., & Hansen, A. (2019). Geographies of Meatification: An Emerging Asian Meat Complex. Globalizations, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2019.1614723.

  • Kallis, G. (2018). Degrowth. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kiezebrink, V., Wilde-Ramsing, J., & Kate Gt. (2018). Human Rights in Wind Turbine Supply Chains: Towards a Truly Sustainable Energy Transition. Retrieved from https://www.somo.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Final-ActionAid_Report-Human-Rights-in-Wind-Turbine-Supply-Chains.pdf.

  • Kirsch, S. (2014). Mining Capitalism: The Relationship Between Corporations and Their Critics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kröger, M. (2016). The Political Economy of ‘Flex Trees’: A Preliminary Analysis. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(4), 886–909.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri-Dutt, K. (2018a). Extractive Peasants: Reframing Informal Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Debates. Third World Quarterly 39(8), 1561–1582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri-Dutt, K. (Ed.). (2018b). Between the Plough and the Pick: Informal Mining in the Contemporary World. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T. M. (2014). Land’s End: Capitalist Relations on an Indigenous Frontier. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Li, T. M. (2018). After the Land Grab: Infrastructural Violence and the “Mafia System” in Indonesia’s Oil Palm Plantation Zones. Geoforum, 96, 328–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malm, A. (2016). Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. London: Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marston, A., & Perreault, T. (2017). Consent, Coercion and Cooperativismo: Mining Cooperatives and Resource Regimes in Bolivia. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 49(2), 252–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKay, B. M. (2017). Agrarian Extractivism in Bolivia. World Development, 97, 199–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKittrick, K. (2011). On Plantations, Prisons, and a Black Sense of Place. Social & Cultural Geography, 12(8), 947–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMichael, P. (2013). Food Regimes and Agrarian Questions. Rugby: Fernwood Publishing and Practical Action Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Middeldorp, N., Morales, C., & van der Haar, G. (2016). Social Mobilisation and Violence at the Mining Frontier: The Case of Honduras. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3, 930–938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, S. (1985). Sweetness and Power. New York: Viking Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. W. (2010). ‘Amsterdam Is Standing on Norway’ Part I. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(1), 33–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. W. (2015). Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nibert, D. A. (2013). Animal Oppression and Animal Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noske, B. (1989). Humans and Other Animals: Beyond the Boundaries of Anthropology. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peet R and Watts M. Eds. (1996) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movements. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peluso, N. L. (2017). Plantations and Mines: Resource Frontiers and the Politics of the Smallholder Slot. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44, 834–869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perreault, T. (2018). The Plantation and the Mine: Comment on “After the Land Grab: Infrastructural Violence and the ‘Mafia System’ in Indonesia’s Oil Palm Plantation Zone” by Tania Li. Geoforum, 96, 345–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petras, J., & Veltmeyer, H. (2014). Extractive Imperialism in the Americas. London: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, H. (2015). The Dark Side of the Sun: Solar Power and Global Electronic Waste. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-schwartz/solar-power-and-the-looming_b_7104058.html.

  • Rahnema, M., & Bawtree, V. (1997). The Post-Development Reader. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rignall, K. E. (2016). Solar Power, State Power, and the Politics of Energy Transition in Pre-Saharan Morocco. Environment and Planning A, 48(3), 540–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, D., & O’Neill, B. (2012). Infrastructural Violence: Introduction to the Special Issue. Ethnography, 13, 401–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosales, A. (2016). Deepening Extractivism and Rentierism: China’s Role in Venezuela’s Bolivarian Developmental Model. Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement, 37(4), 560–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seagle, C. (2012). Inverting the Impacts: Mining, Conservation and Sustainability Claims Near the Rio Tinto/Qmm Ilmenite Mine in Southeast Madagascar. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39, 447–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siamanta, Z. C. (2017). Building a Green Economy of Low Carbon: The Greek Post-Crisis Experience of Photovoltaics and Financial ‘Green Grabbing’. Journal of Political Ecology, 24, 258–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siamanta, C., & Dunlap, A. (forthcoming). ‘Accumulation by Wind Energy’: Wind Energy Development as a Capitalist Trojan Horse in Crete, Greece and Oaxaca, Mexico, ACME

    Google Scholar 

  • Smil, V. (2016). To Get Wind Power You Need Oil. Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/to-get-wind-power-you-need-oil.

  • Smith, P. (2014). Soaring Copper Prices Drive Wind Farm Crime. Retrieved from http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1281864/soaring-copper-prices-drive-wind-farm-crime.

  • Springer, S., Locret, M., Mateer, J., et al. (2019). Anarchist Political Ecology. Oakland, CA: PM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, Z. (2016). Will the Transition to Renewable Energy Be Paved in Copper? Retrieved from https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2016/01/will-the-transition-to-renewable-energy-be-paved-in-copper.html.

  • Stuart, D., Schewe, R. L., & Gunderson, R. (2013). Alienation in the Dairy Sector. Sociologia Ruralis, 53, 201–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, S. (2009). Green Capitalism, and the Cultural Poverty of Constructing Nature as Service Provider. Radical Anthropology, 3, 18–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, S. (2010). ‘Ecosystem Service Commodities’—A New Imperial Ecology? Implications for Animist Immanent Ecologies, with Deleuze and Guattari. New Formations: A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics, 69, 111–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, S. (2013a). Banking Nature? The Spectacular Financialisation of Environmental Conservation. Antipode, 45, 198–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, S. (2013b). After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Casualties’ in Greening Growth. Human Geography, 6, 80–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svampa, M. (2013 [2011]). Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development. In M. Lang & D. Mokrani (Eds.), Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America (pp. 117–144). Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabassum-Abbasi, P. M., Abbasi, T., et al. (2014). Wind Energy: Increasing Deployment, Rising Environmental Concerns. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 270–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taussig, M. T. (1980). The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, B. (2007). Making a Killing: The Political Economy of Animal Rights. Oakland: AK Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twine, R. (2012). Revealing the ‘Animal-Industrial Complex’—A Concept & Method for Critical Animal Studies? Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 10(1), 12–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • UCS. (2013). Environmental Impacts of Solar Power. Retrieved from https://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmentalimpacts-solar-power.html#.W-NS9TFMHVk.

  • Vergara-Camus, L., & Kay, C. (2018). New Agrarian Democracies: The Pink Tide’s Lost Opportunity. Socialist Register, 54, 224–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadiwel, D. (2015). The War Against Animals. Leiden: Brill.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R. A. (2004). The Conquest of Bread: 150 Years of Agribusiness in California. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, M. (2004). Resource Curse? Governmentality, Oil and Power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics, 9(1), 50–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weis, T. (2010). The Accelerating Biophysical Contradictions of Industrial Capitalist Agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10, 315–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weis, T. (2013). The Ecological Hoofprint: The Global Burden of Industrial Livestock. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weis, T. (2016). Toward 120 Billion: Dietary Change and Animal Lives. Radical Philosophy, 199, 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weis, T. (2018). Ghosts and Things: Agriculture and Animal Life. Global Environmental Politics, 18(2), 134–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weizman, E. (2011). The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. J. (2017). Capitalism and the Commodification of Animals: The Need for Critical Vegan Praxis, Animated by Anarchism! In D. Nibert (Ed.), Animal Oppression and Capitalism. Connecticut: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, B., Borras, S. M., Hall, R., et al. (2012). The New Enclosures: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Land Deals. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39, 619–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y. (2019). Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion in the Chinese Industrial Tree Plantation Sector: The Global Resource Rush Seen from Inside China. The Journal of Peasant Studies 46(4), 767–791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H.-J., Lim, S.-Y., & Yoo, S.-H. (2017). The Environmental Costs of Photovoltaic Power Plants in South Korea: A Choice Experiment Study. Sustainability, 9, 1773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye, J., van der Ploeg, J. D., Schneider, S., et al. (2019). The Incursions of Extractivism: Moving from Dispersed Places to Global Capitalism. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yenneti, K., Day, R., & Golubchikov, O. (2016). Spatial Justice and the Land Politics of Renewables: Dispossessing Vulnerable Communities Through Solar Energy Mega-Projects. Geoforum, 76, 90–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dunlap, A., Jakobsen, J. (2020). The Worldeater(s) in Process: Uncovering the Nexus of Conventional and ‘Green’ Extraction. In: The Violent Technologies of Extraction. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26852-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26852-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26851-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26852-7

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics