Abstract
The concept of Smart Cities is accentuated as ICT corporations engage in market monopolies under the umbrella of proprietary technology and thus further negates the possibilities of technology transfer and knowledge transfer. While technologically inclined urban solutions are seen as being tailored in accordance to the city’s need and financial capabilities, the main objective remain the selling of a product while ensuring large profit margins. This has been often contested as this gives rise to a number of issues relating to privacy and intellectual property catalysed through Public–Private Partnerships. This paper discusses this dichotomy and outlines that there are emerging areas that need consideration for the thematic of public data when coupling technology providers with cities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allam, Z. (2019). The emergence of anti-privacy and control at the nexus between the concepts of safe city and smart city. Smart Cities, 2(1), 96–105.
Atkinson, R. D. (2019). IP protection in the data economy: Getting the balance right on 13 critical issues. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3324641.
Bass, T., Sutherland, E., & Symons, T. (2018). Reclaiming the smart city: Personal data, trust and the new commons. Retrieved from London. https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/DECODE-2018_report-smart-cities.pdf.
BBC News. (2018, August 23). Huawei and ZTE handed 5G network ban in Australia. Technology. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45281495.
Borissova, V. (2018). Cultural heritage digitization and related intellectual property issues. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34, 145–150.
Braun, T., Fung, B. C. M., Iqbal, F., & Shar, B. (2018). Security and privacy challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 39, 499–507.
Budding, T., Faber, B., & Gradus, R. (2018). Assessing electronic service delivery in municipalities: Determinants and financial consequences of e-government implementation. Local Government Studies, 44(5), 697–718.
Bufi, E. (2016). Public private partnerships: A tool to help cities solve their urgent needs. Retrieved from Geneva. https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ceci/documents/2016/PPP/Forum_PPP-SDGs/Presentations/Eva_Bufi-Plenary_session_PPP_for_Cities.pdf.
Capdevila, I., & Zarlenga, M. I. (2015). Smart city or smart citizens? The Barcelona case. Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(3), 266–282.
Capps, K. (2017, November 10). How local governments came to embrace business partnerships. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/solutions/2017/11/local-governments-partner-with-business/542487/.
Carmona, M., Hanssen, G. S., Lamm, B., Nylund, K., Sanglie, I. L., & Tietjen, A. (2019). Public space in an age of austerity. Urban Design International, 1–13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41289-019-00082-w#citeas.
Chamoso, P., Gonzalez-Briones, A., Rodríguez, S., & Corchado, J. M. (2018). Tendencies of technologies and platforms in smart cities: A state-of-the-art review. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Article ID 3086854, 1–17.
Chironga, M., Cunha, L., De Grandis, H., & Kuyoro, M. (2018). Roaring to life: Growth and innovation in African retail banking. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Financial%20Services/Our%20Insights/African%20retail%20bankings%20next%20growth%20frontier/Roaring-to-life-growth-and-innovation-in-African-retail-banking-web-final.ashx.
Cui, C., Liu, Y., Hope, A., & Wang, J. (2018). Review of studies on the public-private partnerships (PPP) for infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management, 36(5), 773–794.
Curristine, T., Lonti, Z., & Joumard, I. (2007). Improving public sector efficiency: Challenges and opportunities. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 7(2), 1–42.
Deye, A. (2015, September 25). U.S. infrastructure PPPs: Ready for takeoff? Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2015/09/25/us-infrastructure-ppps-ready-for-takeoff.
Dong, X., Du, Y., & Wu, X. (2018). Efficiency advantages and incentive mechanism of PPPs: A qualitative comparative analysis under the Chinese scenario. Advances in Civil Engineering, Article ID 6045064, 11.
Emily Mossburg, J., Fancher, D., & Gelinne, J. (2016). The hidden costs of an IP breach. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/loss-of-intellectual-property-ip-breach/DR19_TheHiddenCostsOfAnIPBreach.pdf.
Engel, E., Fischer, R., & Galetovic, A. (2010). The Economics of infrastructure finance: Public private partnerships versus public provision. EIB Papers, 15(1), 40–69.
Filippetti, A., & Archibugi, D. (2011). Innovation in times of crisis: National system of innovation, structure and demand. Research Policy, 40(2), 179–192.
Greaves, A. (2011). Urban regeneration in Toronto: Rebuilding the social in regent park. Master’s Degree thesis, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from http://preservedstories.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Greaves_Astrid_E_201109_MA.pdf.
Green, J. (2011). Digital urban renewal: Retro-fitting existing cities with smart solutions is the urban challenge of the 21st century. Retrieved from https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/solutions/industries/docs/scc/Digital_Urban_Renewal.pdf.
He, J., & Qiao, L. (2018, October 27–29). Intellectual property risks and protection mechanisms on big data. Paper presented at the ICBDR 2018 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Big Data Research, Weihai, China.
Hitsevich, N. (2015). Intellectual property rights infringement on the Internet: An analysis of the private international law implication. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City, University of London, London.
Hollands, R. G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 61–77.
Hong, S., Hyoung Kim, S., Kim, Y., & Park, J. (2019). Big data and government: Evidence of the role of big data for smart cities. Big Data & Society, 6(1), 1–11.
InfraPPP. (2018, October 18). Largest PPP project awarded in the Netherlands achieve financial close. Retrieved from https://www.infrapppworld.com/news/megaproject-1351-largest-ppp-project-awarded-in-the-netherlands-achieves-financial-close.
Jiang, S. (2018, July 26). China’s Huawei to raise annual R&D budget to at least $15 billion. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-r-d/chinas-huawei-to-raise-annual-rd-budget-to-at-least-15-billion-idUSKBN1KG169.
Jin, Y., Vonderembse, M., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2013). Proprietary technologies: Building a manufacturer’s flexibility and competitive advantage. International Journal of Production Research, 51(19), 5711–5727.
Karvonen, A., & van Heur, B. (2014). Urban laboratories: Experiments in reworking cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(2), 379–392.
Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. P. C., & Lam, P. T. (2010). Preferred risk allocation in China’s public-private partnership (PPP) projects. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 482–492.
Kosycarz, E. A., Nowakowska, B. A., & Mikolajczyk, M. M. (2019). Evaluating opportunities for successful public-private partnership in the healthcare sector in Poland. Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 1–9.
Kruger, D. (1998). Access denied? Preventing information exclusion. London: Demos.
Kumar, V. (2013). Information technology and its effects on urban communities: With special reference to Bangalore city. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 17(6), 84–89.
Lam, P. T. I., & Ma, R. (2018). Potential pitfalls in the development of smart cities and mitigation measures: An exploratory study. Cities, 91, 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.014.
Liu, X., Serger, S. S., Tagscherer, U., & Chang, A. Y. (2017). Beyond catch-up—Can an new innovation policy help China overcome the middle income trap? Science and Public Policy, 44(5), 656–669.
Mahalakshmi, B. V. (2018, October 15). Hyderabad metro, the largest PPP metro project, has become a big success. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/hyderabad-metro-the-largest-ppp-metro-project-has-become-a-big-success/1349078/.
Márquez, L. (2016). Safety perception in transportation choices: Progress and research lines. Ingenieria y Competitividad, 18(2), 11–24.
Martínez-Ballesté, A., Pérez-Martínez, A. P., & Solanas, A. (2013). The pursuit of citizens’ privacy: A privacy—Aware smart city is possible. IEEE Communication Magazine, 51(6), 136–141.
Masiya, T., Davids, Y. D., & Mangai, M. S. (2019). Assessing service delivery: Public perception on municipal service delivery in South Africa. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 14(2), 20–40.
McKinsey & Company. (2018). Smart city solutions: What drives citizen adoption around the globe? Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public%20Sector/Our%20Insights/Smart%20city%20solutions%20What%20drives%20citizen%20adoption%20around%20the%20globe/smart-citizen-book-eng.ashx.
Novak, J., Purta, M., Marciniak, T., Ignatowicz, K., Rozenbaum, K., & Yearwood, K. (2018). The rise of digital challenger: How digitization can become the next growth engine for Central and Eastern Europe. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Europe/Central%20and%20Eastern%20Europe%20needs%20a%20new%20engine%20for%20growth/The-rise-of-Digital-Challengers.ashx.
O’Flaherty, K. (2019, February 26). Huawei security scandal: Everything you need to know. Cybersecurity. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2019/02/26/huawei-security-scandal-everything-you-need-to-know/#6e41918373a5.
Payne, K. (2018). Artificial intelligence: A revolution in strategic affairs? Survival, 60(5), 7–32.
Phang, S.-Y., & Helble, M. (2016). Housing policies in Singapore. Retrieved from Tokyo, Japan. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1802/.
PPP for Cities. (2016). CSTD 2015–2016 inter-sessional panel on “smart cities and infrastructure” and “foresight for digital development”. Retrieved from https://www.tralac.org/news/article/8843-cstd-2015-2016-inter-sessional-panel-smart-cities-and-infrastructure-and-foresight-for-digital-development.html.
Qingqing, C. (2019, March 19). Huawei tops list of UN patent applications in 2018. Retrieved from http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1142621.shtml.
Radu, B., & Hamlin, R. (2005). Corruption and ethical issues regarding public-private partnership. Revista Transilvanăde Ştiinţe Administrative, 3(15), 28–37.
Rehan, R. M. (2014). Urban branding as an effective sustainability tool in urban development. HBRC Journal, 10(2), 222–230.
Samaila, M. G., Neto, M., Fernandes, D. A. B., Freire, M. M., & Inacio, P. R. M. (2018). Challenges of securing Internet of Things devices: A survey. Security and Privacy, 1(2), e20–52.
Samuelson, P. (1999). Privacy as intellectual property. Stanford Law Review, 52, 1125–1173.
Seuba, X., Geiger, C., & Pénin, J. (2018). Intellectual property and digital trade in the age of artificial intelligence and big data, global perspectives for the intellectual property system. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.ictsd.org/sites/default/files/research/ceipi-ictsd_issue_5_final_0.pdf.
Smart Africa. (2017). Smart sustainable cities: A blueprint for Africa. Retrieved from Kigali, Rwanda. https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/smart_africa_sustainable-cities_a_blueprint_for_africa.pdf.pdf.
Tao, H., Bhuiyan, Z. A., Rahman, A., Wang, G., Wange, T., Ahme, M., & Li, J. (2019). Economic perspective analysis of protecting big data security and privacy. Future Generation Computer Systems, 98, 660–671.
Tasan-Kok, T., & Zelaczna, M. (2010). Public-private partnerships in urban development projects: Polish practices and EU regulations. Retrieved from Warsaw. https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Public-private_partnership.pdf/$FILE/ATTDGMR2.pdf.
Taylor Buck, N., & While, A. (2016). Competitive urbanism and the limits to smart city innovation: The UK future cities initiative. Urban Studies, 54(2), 501–519.
The Economist. (2019a). Huawei has been cut off from American technology. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/business/2019/05/25/huawei-has-been-cut-off-from.
The Economist. (2019b, April 27). Huawei is at the centre of political controversy. Communication Breakdown. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/briefing/2019/04/27/huawei-is-at-the-centre-of-political-controversy.
Tigari, H. (2018). Digitization: A step towards cashless economy. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2(2), 913–917.
Townsend, A. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers and the quest for a new utopia. New York: W. W. Norton.
Turner, G. (2019, April 15). Huawei has skirted outright bans in Europe, but not 5G regulations. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-15/huawei-s-avoiding-outright-bans-but-not-5g-regulations-in-europe.
Van de Walle, S. (2016). When public services fail: A research agenda on public service failure. Journal of Service Management, 27(5), 831–846.
Vigne, N. G. L., Lowry, S. S., Dwyer, A. M., & Markman, J. A. (2011). Using public surveillance systems for crime control and prevention: A practical guide for law enforcement and their municipal partners. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Yairi, T., Takeishi, N., Oda, T., Nakajima, Y., Nishimura, N., & Takata, N. (2017). A data-driven health monitoring method for satellite housekeeping data based on probabilistic clustering and dimensionality reduction. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 53(3), 1384–1401.
Yigitcanlar, T., & Bulu, M. (2016). Urban knowledge and innovation spaces. Journal of Urban Technology, 23(1), 1–9.
Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M., Buys, L., Ioppolo, G., Sabatini-Marques, J., da Costa, E. M., & Yun, J. J. (2018). Understanding “smart cities”: Intertwining development drivers with desired outcomes in a multidimensional framework. Cities, 81, 145–160.
Zonooz, B. H., Farzam, V., Satarifar, M., & Bakhshi, L. (2011). The relationship between knowledge transfer and competitiveness in “SMES” with emphasis on absorptive capacity and combinative capabilities. International Business and Management, 2(1), 59–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Allam, Z. (2020). Privatization and Privacy in the Digital City. In: Cities and the Digital Revolution. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29800-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29800-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29799-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29800-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)