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Conclusions

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Abstract

For sixty years prior to the Trump administration, US foreign policy pursued a bipartisan goal of promoting European integration because it has benefited European and American economic and political interests. Similarly, during this period the US actively promoted (together with its allies) the multilateral rules-based order that it helped build after World War II out of enlightened self-interest. Undermining the EU and multilateralism, as the Trump administration has sought to do, makes no sense. America First has too often meant America Alone. The US cannot address some of the most pressing regional and global challenges by acting alone. It needs its European allies, not only the member states but also the EU institutions that provide a unique range of value-added capabilities. Understanding these capabilities, the reason for this book, will be crucial to repairing the damage in transatlantic relations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2016/10/262750.htm and https://ua.usembassy.gov/remarks-by-secretary-pompeo-at-the-german-marshall-fund/.

  2. 2.

    Editorial Board, “Mike Pompeo’s Threadbare Defence of US Leadership,” Financial Times, December 2, 2018. https://www.ft.com/content/93946f66-f964-11e8-8b7c-6fa24bd5409c.

  3. 3.

    David Herszenhorn, “Trump’s Man in Brussels Slams ‘Out of Touch’ EU,” Politico, December 10, 2018. https://www.politico.eu/article/trumps-man-in-brussels-slams-out-of-touch-eu/.

  4. 4.

    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/donors-trump-inaugural-committee-got-ambassador-nominations-are-they-qualified-n990116.

  5. 5.

    Martin Wolf, “Bretton Woods at 75: Global Co-operation Under Threat,” Financial Times, July 10, 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/e82a1f48-a185-11e9-a282-2df48f366f7d.

  6. 6.

    Madhumita Murgia, “Europe a ‘Global Trendsetter on Tech Regulation,’” Financial Times, October 30, 2019.

  7. 7.

    https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu/trump-says-eu-treats-u-s-worse-than-china-does-on-trade-idUKKCN1SN2FJ.

  8. 8.

    Michael Anton, “The Trump Doctrine,” Foreign Policy, April 20, 2019. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/20/the-trump-doctrine-big-think-america-first-nationalism/.

  9. 9.

    Michael Anton, “The Trump Doctrine,” Foreign Policy, April 20, 2019.

  10. 10.

    https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/05/16/remarks-by-president-donald-tusk-ahead-of-the-eu-western-balkans-summit-and-the-leaders-agenda-dinner/.

  11. 11.

    https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/mission-letter-josep-borrell-2019_en.pdf

  12. 12.

    Demetri Sevastopulo and Guy Chazan, “US Rift with Europe Widens Ahead of Orban Visit,” Financial Times, May 12, 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/c17089f0-748f-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab.

  13. 13.

    Dan Hamilton, “Transatlantic Policy Impacts of the U.S.-EU Trade Conflict,” Testimony to the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, Energy and the Environment of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, June 26, 2019. https://transatlanticrelations.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/HFAC-US-EU-testimony-June-26-2019-dh-final.pdf.

  14. 14.

    As this book was going to press, the US and Japan were in the process of finalizing a partial trade deal that appears to open up Japan’s agricultural market to US goods in exchange for some cuts to US industrial tariffs.

  15. 15.

    James Dean and Bruno Waterfield, “Trump Puts EU Ahead of Britain in Trade Queue: Merkel Lands Brexit Victory for Brussels,” The Times, April 22, 2017.

  16. 16.

    Interview by Der Spiegel of President Jean-Claude Juncker, November 1, 2019. https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/interview-with-eu-commission-president-jean-claude-juncker-a-1294486.html.

  17. 17.

    By 2014, 83% of male high-school graduates were in the workforce, against 94% of those who finished college; they were also earning 60% of what college-educated males were earning. “Coming and Going: Truth and Myth About the Effects of Openness to Trade,” The Economist, October 1, 2016. Statistics from a report of the Council on Economic Advisers.

  18. 18.

    https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/25/remarks-president-obama-address-people-europe.

  19. 19.

    “Coming and Going,” The Economist, October 1, 2016.

  20. 20.

    “More Wealth, More Jobs, But Not for Everyone: What Fuels the Backlash on Trade,” The New York Times, September 28, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/business/economy/more-wealth-more-jobs-but-not-for-everyone-what-fuels-the-backlash-on-trade.html.

  21. 21.

    Edward Alden, “How to Help Workers Laid Low By Trade – And Why We Haven’t,” PBS, November 16, 2016. “How to Help Workers Laid Low by Trade,” “Collateral Damage,” The Economist, July 30, 2016. The budget of Britain’s trade adjustment assistance program in 2012 was a pitiful £6 million. Only 15% of those on unemployment benefit receive any sort of training.

  22. 22.

    Lionel Barber, Henry Foy, and Alex Barker, “Vladimir Putin Says Liberalism Has Become ‘Obsolete,’” Financial Times, June 28, 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/670039ec-98f3-11e9-9573-ee5cbb98ed36.

  23. 23.

    Big Yellow Taxi. Lyrics @Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, Crazy Crow Music/Siquomb Music Publishing.

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Gardner, A.L. (2020). Conclusions. In: Stars with Stripes. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29966-8_13

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