Abstract
Calcium signaling is probably one of the evolutionary oldest and the most common way by which the signal can be transmitted from the cell environment to the cytoplasmic calcium binding effectors. Calcium signal is fast and due to diversity of calcium binding proteins it may have a very broad effect on cell behavior. Being a crucial player in neuronal transmission it is also very important for glia physiology. It is responsible for the cross-talk between neurons and astrocytes, for microglia activation and motility. Changes in calcium signaling are also crucial for the behavior of transformed glioma cells. The present chapter summarizes molecular mechanisms of calcium signal formation present in glial cells with a strong emphasis on extracellular nucleotide-evoked signaling pathways. Some aspects of glioma C6 signaling such as the cross-talk between P2Y1 and P2Y12 nucleotide receptors in calcium signal generation will be discussed in-depth, to show complexity of machinery engaged in formation of this signal. Moreover, possible mechanisms of modulation of the calcium signal in diverse environments there will be presented herein. Finally, the possible role of calcium signal in glioma motility is also discussed. This is a very important issue, since glioma cells, contrary to the vast majority of neoplastic cells, cannot spread in the body with the bloodstream and, at least in early stages of tumor development, may expand only by means of sheer motility.
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Abbreviations
- 2MeSADP:
-
2-methylthio ADP
- DAG:
-
Diacylglycerol
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- GPCR:
-
G-protein coupled receptor
- IP3 :
-
Inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate
- IP3R:
-
IP3 receptor
- MLC:
-
Myosin light chain
- NCX:
-
Sodium/calcium exchanger
- PI3K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PIP2 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate
- PLC:
-
Phospholipase C
- PM:
-
Plasma membrane
- PMCA:
-
Plasma membrane calcium ATPase
- PSF:
-
Point spread function
- RyR:
-
Ryanodine receptor
- SERCA:
-
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
- SOC:
-
Store-operated channel
- SOCE:
-
Store-operated calcium entry
- STIM1,2:
-
Stromal interaction molecule 1,2
- TRP channel:
-
Transient receptor potential channel
- TRPA:
-
Ankyrin transient receptor potential channel
- TRPC:
-
Canonical transient receptor potential channel
- TRPM:
-
Melastatin transient receptor potential channel
- TRPV:
-
Vanilloid transient receptor potential channel
- VGCC:
-
Voltage-gated calcium channels
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Authors were supported by grant UMO-2015/17/B/NZ3/03771 from Nntional Science Center, Poland.
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Wypych, D., Pomorski, P. (2020). Calcium Signaling in Glioma Cells: The Role of Nucleotide Receptors. In: Barańska, J. (eds) Glioma Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1202. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_4
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